Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants by site
| INI | VCCC | Pvalue a | |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 2,925 | N = 3,927 | ||
| Female sex (%) | 978 (33) | 938 (24) | <0.01 |
| HIV transmission risk categoriesb (%) | <0.01 | ||
| MSM | 1,035 (35) | 1,569 (40) | |
| IDU | 41 (1) | 374 (10) | |
| Heterosexual males | 714 (24) | 456 (12) | |
| Heterosexual females | 969 (33) | 835 (21) | |
| All others | 166 (6) | 693 (18) | |
| Median age in years at clinic entry [IQR] | 36 [29–43] | 38 [31–45] | <0.01 |
| Race (%) | 0.69 | ||
| White | 1,552 (53) | 2,103 (54) | |
| Non-white | 1,373 (47) | 1,824 (46) | |
| Median CD4+ lymphocyte count at clinic entry (cells/μL) [IQR] | 287 [106–504] | 325 [153–518] | <0.01 |
| Missing CD4+ lymphocyte count at clinic entry (%) | 884 (30) | 346 (9) | <0.01 |
| Median log10 HIV-1 RNA level at clinic entry (copies/mL) [IQR] | 4.5 [3.6-5.2] | 4.3 [3.1-5.0] | <0.01 |
| Missing HIV-1 RNA at clinic entry (%) | 1,364 (47) | 322 (8) | <0.01 |
| Median year of clinic entry [IQR] | 2006 [2003–2008] | 2004 [2001–2007] | <0.01 |
| Hepatitis C virus infectionc (%) | 243 (9) | 537 (14) | <0.01 |
| Missing hepatitis C virus infection data (%) | 216 (7) | 0 | <0.01 |
| Hepatitis B virus infectionc (%) | 160 (6) | 216 (6) | 0.13 |
| Missing hepatitis B virus infection data (%) | 433 (15) | 0 | <0.01 |
| History of tobacco used (%) | 1,131/2,129 (53) | 1,319/2,155 (61) | <0.01 |
| Missing tobacco history (%) | 796 (27) | 1,772 (45) | <0.01 |
| History of cancer prior to clinic entry (%) | 56 (2) | 105 (3) | 0.04 |
| History of ART exposure prior to clinic entry (%) | 759 (26) | 1,566 (40) | <0.01 |
| Median follow-up time in years [IQR] | 3.5 [1.5-6.1] | 3.1 (1.1-6.5) | <0.01 |
| Receipt of any ART during follow-up (%) | 2,158 (74) | 3,145 (80) | <0.01 |
a P value result refers to results of Chi square test (categorical and binary variables) or Wilcoxon rank sum test (continuous variables).
bHIV transmission risk categories are mutually exclusive.
cHepatitis C and hepatitis B infection status at clinic entry for VCCC and at any point obtained during follow-up at INI, as many patients there did not have serologic testing until after clinic entry.
dTobacco use was available from single, cross-sectional surveys completed by some patients at both clinic sites that was performed without relation to this study.
Abbreviations:
INI: Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
VCCC: Vanderbilt Comprehensive Care Clinic, Nashville, TN, USA.
MSM: men who have sex with men.
IDU: injection drug use.
ART: antiretroviral therapy.