Table 1.

Comparisons of Anthropometric Values and Metabolites Across Sex

	Male Mean (SE) (n = 41)	Female Mean (SE) (n = 41)	P Value
Anthropometric values
Age, y	13.76 (0.26)	14.0 (0.22)	.4752
Weight, kg	100.61 (4.12)	94.19 (2.86)	.2043
BMI	34.82 (1.00)	35.34 (0.94)	.7080
BMI, %	98.37 (0.26)	98.27 (0.19)	.7624
BMI z-score	2.37 (0.06)	2.24 (0.05)	.1040
BF%	39.11 (1.17, n = 39)	44.03 (1.12, n = 37)	.0033
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg	121.50 (2.00, n = 31)	117.10 (1.94, n = 32)	.1189
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg	64.56 (1.46, n = 31)	63.67 (1.47, n = 32)	.6674
Birth weight, kg	3.30 (0.13, n = 36)	3.22 (0.10, n = 38)	.5960
Metabolites
Adiponectin, ng/mL	13915.54 (809.31)	14896.76 (823.19)	.3979
Leptin, pg/mL	42346.02 (4654.15)	63102.59 (4231.03)	.0014
Insulin, pg/mL	730.71 (82.45)	657.10 (46.55)	.4392
Glucose, mg/dL	93.59 (1.09)	90.27 (0.98)	.0262
HOMA-IR	4.08 (0.48)	3.56 (0.27)	.3449
Cholesterol, mg/dL	162.68 (5.63)	154.66 (4.67)	.2762
LDL, mg/dL	102.47 (4.76)	92.25 (4.27)	.1139
HDL, mg/dL	44.48 (1.61)	47.33 (1.49)	.1982
TGs, mg/dL	88.56 (8.65)	80.85 (7.14)	.4940
Uric acid, mg/dL	6.39 (0.19)	5.41 (0.16)	.0002
NEFA, mmol/L	0.47 (0.03)	0.48 (0.03)	.7346
CRP, mg/L	3.44 (0.56)	4.75 (0.81)	.1896
β-Hydroxybutyrate, μmol/L	75.77 (17.66)	56.67 (9.11)	.3394
Glutamate/glutamine, μM	88.34 (3.08)	75.80 (2.31)	.0016
Valine, μM	289.48 (6.83)	259.00 (6.27)	.0011
Leucine/isoleucine, μM	202.78 (4.02)	176.70 (3.47)	<.0001
BCAA, μM	492.26 (10.09)	435.69 (9.26)	<.0001
C2 acylcarnitine, μM	6.64 (0.45)	5.93 (0.33)	.2031
C3 acylcarnitine, μM	0.41 (0.02)	0.31 (0.02)	.0001
C5 acylcarnitine, μM	0.14 (0.01)	0.11 (0.01)	.0084
C2 to (C3 + C5) ratio	12.97 (1.04)	15.35 (1.01)	.1034
TG to HDL ratio	2.18 (0.24)	1.87 (0.22)	.3547

Abbreviations: LDL, low-density lipoprotein; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid. Statistically significant differences are highlighted in bold.