Table 4.
Summary of Baseline Factors Associated With HOMA-IR, Adiponectin, TG to HDL Ratio, and Leptin (Sex, Age, and BMI Z-Score Adjusted)
| Full Sample | Parameter Estimate | t Value | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| HOMA-IR (n = 82, R2 = 0.549, P < .0001) | |||
| Female | 0.283 | 2.60 | .0112 |
| BMI z-score | 0.625 | 4.57 | <.0001 |
| Factor 1: FAO byproducts | −0.156 | −3.39 | .0011 |
| Factor 2: BCAA-related and uric acid | 0.184 | 3.30 | .0015 |
| Factor 11: glucogenic amino acids | 0.134 | 2.95 | .0043 |
| Factor 12: C5:1, ASX, and long-chain dicarboxyl acylcarnitines | 0.177 | 3.84 | .0003 |
| Factor 14: miscellaneous | −0.151 | −3.17 | .0023 |
| Adiponectin (n = 82, R2 = 0.171, P = .0124) | |||
| Age | −0.064 | −2.58 | .0119 |
| Factor 2: BCAA-related and uric acid | −0.116 | −2.58 | .0117 |
| Factor 4: medium-chain acylcarnitines | −0.080 | −2.09 | .0403 |
| TG to HDL ratio (n = 82, R2 = 0.607, P < .0001) | |||
| BMI z-score | 0.411 | 2.79 | .0067 |
| Factor 2: BCAA-related and uric acid | 0.246 | 4.09 | .0001 |
| Factor 9: glucogenic amino acids (SER GLY ASX C4-Ci4) | −0.150 | −3.05 | .0032 |
| Factor 11: glucogenic amino acids (PRO ALA) | 0.203 | 4.15 | <.0001 |
| Factor 12: C5:1, ASX, and long-chain dicarboxyl acylcarnitines | 0.294 | 5.93 | <.0001 |
| Factor 14: miscellaneous | −0.146 | −2.85 | .0057 |
| Leptin (n = 82, R2 = 0.537, P < .0001) | |||
| Female | 0.707 | 6.29 | <.0001 |
| BMI z-score | 1.125 | 7.53 | <.0001 |
| Factor 15: long-chain acylcarnitines and LACT | −0.210 | −3.70 | .0004 |
Abbreviations: ASX, aspartate/asparagine; LACT, lactate. Negative sign (−) indicates negative correlation with the associated factor. Sex, age, and BMI z-score are included in to all models; however, only statistically significant variables are reported for the full sample.