. 2014 Nov 27;42(1):133–154. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2014.10.012

Table 1.

Infectious causes of NEC

Bacterial	Viral	Fungal
Clostridium spp Butyricum 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89 Difficile 76, 79, 80 Perfringens 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 Cronobacter (Enterobacter) sakazakii91, 101, 102, 103, 105 Enterococcus (VRE)²⁰⁵ Escherichia coli22, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119 Klebsiella spp22, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116 Pseudomonas aeruginosa123, 124, 125 Salmonella206, 207 Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)²⁰⁸ Staphylococcus epidermidis48, 212 Ureaplasma urealyticum25, 128, 129	Astrovirus15, 184, 185 Cytomegalovirus163, 164, 165 Coronavirus167, 168 Coxsackievirus B2176, 177 Echovirus¹⁸⁰ Human immunodeficiency virus (maternal exposure)186, 187, 188 Norovirus16, 147, 149, 150 Rotavirus14, 133, 134, 135 Torovirus170, 171	Candida spp194, 197, 198, 199

Abbreviations: MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococci.