Table 8.
Health care provider-related factors
| Risk factors(health care provider - related factors) | Studies reporting on a risk factor for THA or TKA:total number,number reporting a significant (p ≤ .05)increased(+) or decreased (−) risk,and number with no significant association (p > .05) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THA | TKA | |||||||
| N | p ≤ .05 | p > .05 | N | p ≤ .05 | p > .05 | |||
| + | - | + | - | |||||
| TKA (vs. THA) | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| THA (vs. resurfacing) | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
| Revision (vs. primary) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Bilateral (vs. unilateral) | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| Right side (vs. left side) | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Cement (vs. cementless) | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| ROBODOC* (vs. traditional) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | - | - | - | - |
| Longer surgery time | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| General anesthesia | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
| Spinal anesthesia | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Bleeding ≥ 1280 ml | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Lower hospital volume | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Insurance type† | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
*ROBODOC is a femoral milling system which excavates the femoral canal precisely and may reduce intraoperative pulmonary embolism during cementless THA.
†The comparisons are among private insurance, Medicare and Medicaid of USA.