Table 9.
Thromboprophylaxes
| Risk factors (thromboprophylaxes) | Studies reporting on a risk factor for THA or TKA: total number, number reporting a significant (p ≤ .05) increased (+) or decreased (−) risk, and number with no significant association (p > .05) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THA | TKA | |||||||
| N | p ≤ .05 | p > .05 | N | p ≤ .05 | p > .05 | |||
| + | - | + | - | |||||
| Chemoprophylaxis (vs. no-prophylaxis) | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Enoxaparin (vs. other LMWH) | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Low-dose LMWH (vs. high-dose LMWH) | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Preoperative LMWH (vs. Postoperative) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| Oligosaccharides* (vs. LMWH) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Direct factor-Xa inhibitor (vs. LMWH) | 5 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Direct factor-II inhibitor (vs. LMWH) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Partial factor-VII inhibitor (vs. LMWH) | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| NSAIDS (vs. LMWH) | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| VKA (vs. NSAIDS) | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| ACCP-recommended prophylaxis (vs. others ) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Extended prophylaxis (vs. short)† | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| Mechanical prophylaxis (vs. chemoprophylaxis) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Below-knee stockings (vs. up-knee) | - | - | - | - | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Earlier mobilization | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Weight bearing within 48 h | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
*Oligosaccharides include fondaparinux and SR123781A (a synthetic oligosaccharide).
†Extended/short prophylaxis has two kinds of definations:
1. Thromboprophylaxis continued to Day 30 ± 5/Day 10 ± 2;
2. Thromboprophylaxis lasting > 14d/<14d.