Table 1.

Summary of conditions and procedures, along with the therapeutic agents used to treat those conditions, which have been implicated in increasing the patient’s risk for developing Pneumocystis pneumonia (5, 17–29).

Conditions/procedures associated with Pneumocystis infection	Therapeutic agents associated with Pneumocystis infection
HIV Hematologic malignancy Solid tumors Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Solid organ transplantation Rheumatoid arthritis Severe combined immunodeficiency Hyper-IgM syndrome Wegener’s granulomatosis Inflammatory Bowel Disease Collagen vascular disorders	Corticosteroids Alkylating agents (e.g. cyclophosphamide) Antimetabolite chemotherapeutics (e.g. methotrexate) TNF inhibitors (e.g. Etanercept) Azathioprine Alemtuzumab Rituximab Sirolimus/Tacrolimus Cyclosporine