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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2015 Mar;21(3):645–655. doi: 10.1097/MIB.0000000000000297

Figure 1. PTPN22 controls IFN-γ and MDP induced signaling cascades.

Figure 1

Loss of PTPN22 promotes p38 MAPK and canonical NF-κB activation, and increases MDP induced autophagy. On the other hand, loss of PTPN22 results in decreased STAT activity. Taken together, this results in a highly imbalanced cytokine secretion pattern. ICAM-1: intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IFN: interferon; IFNR: interferon receptor; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein 1; MDP: muramyl-dipeptide; NF-κB: nuclear factor κB; NOD2: nucleotide oligomerization containing protein 2; p38: mitogen activated protein kinase p38; STAT; signal transducer and activator of transcription; TNF: tumor necorsis factor.