Table 2.
Prevalence ratios of selected behaviors associated with a standard deviation increase in social engagement variables, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, 2000–2002
| Model 1a PR (95% CI) |
Model 2b PR (95% CI) |
Model 3c PR (95% CI) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Current Smoking Status (n=3408) | |||
|
| |||
| Social Support | 0.83 (0.78, 0.88) | 0.87 (0.81, 0.92) | 0.88 (0.82, 0.94) |
| Loneliness | 1.15 (1.09, 1.22) | 1.08 (1.02, 1.14) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.10) |
| Neighborhood Social Cohesion | 0.92 (0.85, 0.98) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.06) |
|
| |||
| Former Smoking (n=2627) | |||
|
| |||
| Social Support | 1.07 (1.04, 1.09) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.07) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) |
| Loneliness | 0.93 (0.91, 0.96) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.00) |
| Neighborhood Social Cohesion | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) |
|
| |||
| Recommended Level of Physical Activity (n=5378) | |||
|
| |||
| Social Support | 1.05 (1.03, 1.08) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.07) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) |
| Loneliness | 0.95 (0.93, 0.97) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) | 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) |
| Neighborhood Social Cohesion | 1.05 (1.03, 1.07) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) |
|
| |||
| Any Regular Physical Activity (n=5378) | |||
|
| |||
| Social Support | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) |
| Loneliness | 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) |
| Neighborhood Social Cohesion | 1.04 (1.03, 1.06) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) |
|
| |||
| ≥5 Daily Fruit and Vegetable Servings (n=4966) | |||
|
| |||
| Social Support | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) | 1.01 (0.97, 1.06) |
| Loneliness | 0.99 (0.96, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) |
| Neighborhood Social Cohesion | 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) |
|
| |||
| ≥2 Daily Fruit and Vegetable Servings (n=4966) | |||
|
| |||
| Social Support | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) |
| Loneliness | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) |
| Neighborhood Social Cohesion | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) |
a
Unadjusted associations for each standard deviation increase in social engagement variable. Social support SD= 5.17 on scale ranging from 6–30. Loneliness SD=1.40 on scale ranging from 3–9. Neighborhood social cohesion SD=2.86 on scale ranging from 5–25.
b
Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education, and study site, marital status, and physical health
c
Model added standardized scores for social support, loneliness and neighborhood social cohesion