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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jan 1.

Published in final edited form as: Xenotransplantation. 2014 Sep 11;22(1):32–47. doi: 10.1111/xen.12133

(A) After pig artery patch xenotransplantation, absolute numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes were measured. With no IS, mean lymphocyte numbers at 2 and 4 weeks post-transplant increased by 49 % and 39%, respectively (*p<0.05), and were reduced with IS by 33 % and 37%, respectively (*p<0.05). With no IS, monocytes increased at 2 and 4 weeks by 32 % and 16%, respectively. With IS, monocytes increased more markedly at 2 and 4 weeks by 55 % and 56%, respectively (*p<0.05). Neutrophil numbers did not change significantly after transplantation with a modest reduction of 12 % and 11%, respectively. With IS, mean neutrophil numbers increased at 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation by 24 % and 25%, respectively.

(B) With IS, increased percentages of CD14⁺CD11c⁻ (45%+/−12%) and CD14⁻CD11c⁺ (11%+/−5%) cells were detected in comparison to naïve baboons, where CD14⁺CD11c⁻ and CD14⁻CD11c⁺ cells were 38%+/−9% and 6%+/−3%, respectively (bottom). A significant increase in the CD14⁺CD11c⁺ cells percentages (16%+/−5%) and absolute numbers (180+/−60×10³/μL) was detected only in the presence of IS which was associated with a significantly higher numbers than in naïve baboons (2.4%+/−0.6%; (11+/−3×10³/μL) (*p<0.05) (bottom).

(C and D) With or without IS, there was increased TF and CD40 expression on monocytes (CD14⁺CD11c⁻) (C) and DC (lineage^neg CD11c⁺) (D) in comparison to naïve baboons. With no IS, monocytes were 96.5% TF-positive and 33.1% CD40-positive, while DC were 70.3% TF-positive and 38.8% CD40-positive. (E) In naïve baboons, monocytes were 76.5%+/−11.8% TF-positive and 17.4%+/−14.4% CD40-positive, whereas DC were 56.2%+/−16% TF-positive and 18.3%+/−8.8% CD40-positive. With IS, monocytes were 94.4%+/−9.1% TF-positive and 58.6%+/−7.4% CD40-positive, while DC were 95.3%+/−2.3% TF-positive and 43%+/−4.6% CD40-positive In comparison to naïve baboons (* p<0.05 and ** p<0.01).

(A) After pig artery patch xenotransplantation, absolute numbers of peripheral blood leukocytes were measured. With no IS, mean lymphocyte numbers at 2 and 4 weeks post-transplant increased by 49 % and 39%, respectively (*p<0.05), and were reduced with IS by 33 % and 37%, respectively (*p<0.05). With no IS, monocytes increased at 2 and 4 weeks by 32 % and 16%, respectively. With IS, monocytes increased more markedly at 2 and 4 weeks by 55 % and 56%, respectively (*p<0.05). Neutrophil numbers did not change significantly after transplantation with a modest reduction of 12 % and 11%, respectively. With IS, mean neutrophil numbers increased at 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation by 24 % and 25%, respectively.

(B) With IS, increased percentages of CD14⁺CD11c⁻ (45%+/−12%) and CD14⁻CD11c⁺ (11%+/−5%) cells were detected in comparison to naïve baboons, where CD14⁺CD11c⁻ and CD14⁻CD11c⁺ cells were 38%+/−9% and 6%+/−3%, respectively (bottom). A significant increase in the CD14⁺CD11c⁺ cells percentages (16%+/−5%) and absolute numbers (180+/−60×10³/μL) was detected only in the presence of IS which was associated with a significantly higher numbers than in naïve baboons (2.4%+/−0.6%; (11+/−3×10³/μL) (*p<0.05) (bottom).

(C and D) With or without IS, there was increased TF and CD40 expression on monocytes (CD14⁺CD11c⁻) (C) and DC (lineage^neg CD11c⁺) (D) in comparison to naïve baboons. With no IS, monocytes were 96.5% TF-positive and 33.1% CD40-positive, while DC were 70.3% TF-positive and 38.8% CD40-positive. (E) In naïve baboons, monocytes were 76.5%+/−11.8% TF-positive and 17.4%+/−14.4% CD40-positive, whereas DC were 56.2%+/−16% TF-positive and 18.3%+/−8.8% CD40-positive. With IS, monocytes were 94.4%+/−9.1% TF-positive and 58.6%+/−7.4% CD40-positive, while DC were 95.3%+/−2.3% TF-positive and 43%+/−4.6% CD40-positive In comparison to naïve baboons (* p<0.05 and ** p<0.01).