TABLE 3.
Data from the CAESAR pig model, combined Centers.
| Control Mean±SD (13) |
IPC Mean±SD (13) |
P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exclusions (# excluded/# assigned) | 2/15(=13%) | 6/19(=31%) | 0.4388 | |
| Age (days) | 92.54±7.86(13) | 96.31±8.44(13) | 0.2502 | |
| Body Weight (kg) | 34.83±3.48(13) | 35.16±3.68(13) | 0.8157 | |
| Number of defibrillations | 3.38±4.23(13) | 3.54±2.57(13) | 0.9119 | |
|
Heart Rate
(beats per minute) |
Baseline | 114.08±34.7(13) | 103.31±26.86(13) | 0.3856 |
| 15’ Occlusion | 99.54±16.78(13) | 91.23±24.25(13) | 0.3211 | |
| 45’ Occlusion | 97.08±18.17(13) | 90.77±23.18(13) | 0.448 | |
| 15’ Reperfusion | 100.31±28.72(13) | 92.92±25.49(13) | 0.4948 | |
| 72 h Reperfusion | 100.92±19.04(13) | 100.85±15.12(13) | 0.991 | |
|
Mean Arterial
Pressure (mmHg) |
Baseline | 102.92±14.94(13) | 107.31±15.35(13) | 0.4676 |
| 15’ Occlusion | 91±18.33(13) | 89.23±14.77(13) | 0.7888 | |
| 45’ Occlusion | 86.62±22.75(13) | 79.15±15.53(13) | 0.3398 | |
| 15’ Reperfusion | 83.62±17.83(13) | 80.92±14.3(13) | 0.6749 | |
| 72 h Reperfusion | 77.77±14.14(13) | 83.23±18.36(13) | 0.4044 | |
| Heart Weight (g) | 242.11±21.58(13) | 244.02±18.46(13) | 0.8107 | |
| LV Weight (g) | 118.16±21.27(13) | 117.86±19.64(13) | 0.971 | |
| Region at Risk (g) | 35.67±8.37(13) | 35.77±7.31(13) | 0.9734 | |
| Infarct (g) | 20.38±6.53(13) | 13.63±8.13(13) | 0.0287 | |
| Region at Risk (% of LV) | 30.25±5.41(13) | 30.27±4.02(13) | 0.9912 | |
| Infarct (% of Region at Risk) | 57.68±14.43(13) | 37.34±19.43(13) | 0.0061 | |
| Infarct (% of LV) | 17.29±5.05(13) | 11.32±6.1(13) | 0.0121 | |
| cTnI (ng/ml) | Baseline | 0.01±0.03(13) | 0.02±0.03(13) | 0.6864 |
| 2 h Reperfusion | 102.17±52.82(13) | 44.38±32.58(13) | 0.0031 | |
| 4 h Reperfusion | 107.88±35.87(13) | 55.69±38.32(13) | 0.0015 | |
| 6 h Reperfusion | 96.63±42.2(13) | 62.02±36.51(13) | 0.0351 | |
| 24 h Reperfusion | 34.72±19.67(13) | 25.06±15.32(13) | 0.1758 | |
| 48 h Reperfusion | 9.64±7.56(13) | 5.3±4.32(13) | 0.0879 | |
| Cumulative | 2230.7±902.47(13) | 1409.36±825.09(13) | 0.0234 | |
| Baseline | NIZ Endo RMBF (nl/min/g) | 0.77±0.3(13) | 0.86±0.32(13) | 0.4878 |
| NIZ Epi RMBF (nl/min/g) | 0.69±0.25(13) | 0.7±0.31(13) | 0.9621 | |
| NIZ Endo/Epi Ratio | 1.12±0.19(13) | 1.28±0.23(13) | 0.0708 | |
| RR Endo RMBF (nl/min/g) | 0.71±0.27(13) | 0.75±0.38(13) | 0.7448 | |
| RR Epi RMBF (nl/min/g) | 0.51±0.28(13) | 0.51±0.24(13) | 0.9384 | |
| RR Endo/Epi Ratio | 1.5±0.35(13) | 1.48±0.36(13) | 0.8491 | |
| BDZ Endo RMBF (nl/min/g) | 0.75±0.31(13) | 0.84±0.41(13) | 0.538 | |
|
BDZ Epi RMBF
(nl/min/g) |
0.77±0.28(13) | 0.76±0.27(13) | 0.9141 | |
| BDZ Endo/Epi Ratio | 0.99±0.17(13) | 1.12±0.42(13) | 0.3052 | |
| Occlusion |
NIZ Endo RMBF
(nl/min/g) |
0.92±0.66(13) | 0.76±0.26(13) | 0.4253 |
| NIZ Epi RMBF (nl/min/g) | 0.86±0.61(13) | 0.67±0.28(13) | 0.3405 | |
| NIZ Endo/Epi Ratio | 1.09±0.3(13) | 1.19±0.34(13) | 0.4413 | |
| RR Endo RMBF (nl/min/g) | 0±0.01(13) | 0±0.01(13) | 0.9576 | |
| RR Epi RMBF (nl/min/g) | 0.01±0.03(13) | 0±0.01(13) | 0.4459 | |
| RR Endo/Epi Ratio | 0±0(13) | 0.09±0.32(13) | 0.3370 | |
|
BDZ Endo RMBF
(nl/min/g) |
0.62±0.69(13) | 0.56±0.36(13) | 0.8142 | |
| BDZ Epi RMBF (nl/min/g) | 0.72±0.88(13) | 0.52±0.37(13) | 0.4713 | |
| BDZ Endo/Epi Ratio | 1.14±0.75(13) | 1.76±2(13) | 0.3085 | |
| 15' Rep |
NIZ Endo RMBF
(nl/min/g) |
0.79±0.55(13) | 1.08±1.61(13) | 0.5428 |
| NIZ Epi RMBF (nl/min/g) | 0.71±0.54(13) | 0.9±1.22(13) | 0.6274 | |
| NIZ Endo/Epi Ratio | 1.17±0.25(13) | 1.2±0.23(13) | 0.7275 | |
| RR Endo RMBF (nl/min/g) | 1.48±1.26(13) | 2.03±1.59(13) | 0.3425 | |
| RR Epi RMBF (nl/min/g) | 1.5±1.01(13) | 2.05±2.2(13) | 0.4234 | |
| RR Endo/Epi Ratio | 0.94±0.41(13) | 1.07±0.42(13) | 0.4167 | |
|
BDZ Endo RMBF
(nl/min/g) |
1.59±1.23(13) | 2.15±2.9(13) | 0.5307 | |
| BDZ Epi RMBF (nl/min/g) | 1.36±0.95(13) | 1.44±1.25(13) | 0.8596 | |
| BDZ Endo/Epi Ratio | 1.24±0.36(13) | 1.4±0.71(13) | 0.4685 | |
| 72h Rep | NIZ Endo RMBF (nl/min/g) | 0.72±0.42(13) | 0.71±0.43(13) | 0.9871 |
| NIZ Epi RMBF (nl/min/g) | 1.11±1.78(13) | 0.67±0.87(13) | 0.4307 | |
| NIZ Endo/Epi Ratio | 1.14±0.87(13) | 4.97±11.92(13) | 0.2697 | |
| RR Endo RMBF (nl/min/g) | 0.93±1.76(13) | 0.86±1.42(13) | 0.9110 | |
| RR Epi RMBF (nl/min/g) | 1.29±2.87(13) | 0.72±1.43(13) | 0.5278 | |
| RR Endo/Epi Ratio | 0.73±0.7(13) | 9.04±29.66(13) | 0.3324 | |
|
BDZ Endo RMBF
(nl/min/g) |
1.05±1.32(13) | 0.98±0.91(13) | 0.8785 | |
| BDZ Epi RMBF (nl/min/g) | 1.54±3.27(13) | 1.03±1.31(13) | 0.6135 | |
| BDZ Endo/Epi Ratio | 1.16±0.77(13) | 1.29±1.43(13) | 0.7750 | |
IPC – ischemic preconditioning; LV – left ventricle/ventricular; cTnI – cardiac troponin I; NIZ – nonischemic zone; BDZ – border zone; RR – region at risk; RMBF – regional myocardial blood flow; Endo – endocardial; Epi – epicardial.