Table 1.
Maternal and fetal characteristics during basal and hypoglycemic studies
| Hypoglycemia |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basal | d1 | d4 | ANOVA† | |
| Maternal artery | ||||
| Hematocrit, % | 31.4 ± 1.6 | 30.7 ± 1.4 | 30.9 ± 1.4 | 0.62 |
| Oxygen content (wb), mM | 5.73 ± 0.29 | 5.64 ± 0.24 | 5.65 ± 0.26 | 0.77 |
| Lactate (pl), mM | 0.62 ± 0.08 | 0.82 ± 0.04 | 0.72 ± 0.08 | 0.13 |
| Fetal artery | ||||
| Fetal age, days | 128.2 ± 0.4 | 130.7 ± 0.4* | 134.0 ± 0.3* | |
| Hypoglycemic period, days | 1 ± 0.0 | 4.3 ± 0.2 | ||
| pH | 7.34 ± 0.004 | 7.35 ± 0.003 | 7.33 ± 0.018 | 0.64 |
| Hematocrit, % | 33.0 ± 0.8 | 32.1 ± 1.2 | 30.2 ± 1.5* | <0.01 |
| Oxygen content, mM | 2.89 ± 0.18 | 2.63 ± 0.25 | 2.77 ± 0.30 | 0.29 |
| Lactate (pl), mM | 1.92 ± 0.12 | 1.89 ± 0.21 | 1.59 ± 0.20 | 0.40 |
| Pyruvate (wb), mM | 0.13 ± 0.01 | 0.16 ± 0.01* | 0.17 ± 0.01* | <0.05 |
| Insulin, ng/ml | 0.36 ± 0.05 | 0.21 ± 0.04* | 0.18 ± 0.02* | <0.005 |
| Cortisol, ng/ml | 8.5 ± 1.5 | 9.0 ± 0.9 | 13.3 ± 2.4* | <0.05 |
| Glucagon, pg/ml | 41.5 ± 7.7 | 58.7 ± 10.4 | 77.2 ± 15.7* | <0.05 |
| Norepinephrine, pg/ml | 736 ± 75 | 885 ± 201 | 695 ± 119 | 0.50 |
| Glucagon:insulin, molar ratio | 2.1 ± 0.4 | 5.3 ± 1.2* | 7.4 ± 1.6* | <0.005 |
| Hepatic flow and oxygen uptake | ||||
| Left hepatic wb flow, ml/min | 134 ± 24 | 131 ± 21 | 134 ± 34 | 0.99 |
| Left hepatic pl flow, ml/min | 90 ± 16 | 88 ± 13 | 93 ± 24 | 0.96 |
| Left hepatic input, umbilical vein, % | 89 ± 4 | 93 ± 6 | 93 ± 5 | 0.42 |
| Left lobe oxygen uptake, μmol/min) | 71.6 ± 11.4 | 94.6 ± 16.5 | 76.1 ± 15.7 | 0.21 |
| Total hepatic oxygen uptake, % | 217 ± 31 | 282 ± 38 | 230 ± 41 | 0.23 |
| Hepatic:total fetal oxygen uptake, % | 20.6 ± 2.4 | 26.4 ± 2.7 | 26.0 ± 4.2 | 0.33 |
Values are expressed as means ± SE. Measurements obtained during basal period and following d1 and d4 of hypoglycemia; pl, plasma values; wb, whole blood values; d, day.
*
P < 0.05 vs. basal period.
†
Overall ANOVA P values are presented.