Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2015 Feb 6;11:5. doi: 10.1186/s13007-015-0051-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© Gupta et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

PMC Copyright notice

HPLC chromatogram of different carotenoids and their isomers after photoisomerization. (A) α-carotene, (B) antheraxanthin, (C) β-carotene, (D) β-cryptoxanthin, (E) γ-carotene, (F) lutein, (G) neoxanthin, (H) neurosporene, (I) violaxanthin, (J) zeaxanthin, (K) δ-carotene, (L) lycopene, (M) phytofluene, (N) phytoene and (O) ζ-carotene. The Arabic numeral in bold preceding carotenoid isomer refers to its peak on chromatogram. (A): 1; 13-cis-α-carotene; 2; 13′-cis-α-carotene; 3; all-trans-α-carotene; 4; 9-cis-α-carotene; 5; 9′-cis-α-carotene. (B): 1; all-trans-antheraxanthin; 2; 9-cis-antheraxanthin; 3; 9′-cis-antheraxanthin. (C): 1; 13-cis-β-carotene; 2; all-trans-β-carotene; 3; 9-cis-β-carotene. (D): 1; 13-cis-β-cryptoxanthin; 2; 13′-cis-β-cryptoxanthin; 3; all-trans-β-cryptoxanthin; 4; 9-cis-β-cryptoxanthin; 5; 9′-cis-β-cryptoxanthin. (E): 1; cis-γ-carotene 2; cis-γ-carotene 3; all-trans-γ-carotene. Lutein (F): 1; 13- or 13′-cis-lutein; 2; all-trans-lutein; 3; 9- or 9′-cis-lutein. Neoxanthin (G): 1; 9-cis-neoxanthin; 2; all-trans-neoxanthin. Neurosporene (H): 1; 15-cis-neurosporene; 2; 13-cis-neurosporene; 3; all-trans-neurosporene. Violaxanthin (I): 1; all-trans-violaxanthin; 2; 9-cis-violaxanthin. Zeaxanthin (J): 1; 15-cis-zeaxanthin; 2; 13-cis-zeaxanthin; 3; all-trans-zeaxanthin; 4; 9-cis-zeaxanthin. δ-carotene (K): 1; δ-carotene isomer 1, 2; δ-carotene isomer 2, 3; δ-carotene isomer 3, 4; δ-carotene isomer 4, 5; all-trans-δ-carotene, 6; δ-carotene isomer 5. Lycopene (L): 1; di-cis-lycopene 1, 2; di-cis-lycopene 2, 3; 15-cis-lycopene, 4; 13-cis-lycopene, 5; 9-cis-lycopene, 6; all-trans-lycopene, 7; 5-cis-lycopene. Phytofluene (M): 1; 15,9′-cis-phytofluene, 2; phytofluene isomer, 3; all-trans-phytofluene. Phytoene (N): 1; phytoene isomer 1, 2; phytoene isomer 2, 3; phytoene isomer 3, 4; all-trans-phytoene. ζ-carotene (O): 1; 9.15,9′ cis- ζ-carotene, 2; ζ-carotene isomer 1, 3; ζ-carotene 2, 4; all-trans-ζ-carotene. The HPLC profiles were recorded in the range of 250.00-700.00 nm.