Table 2.

Tentative identification of photoisomerised isomers after illumination of all-trans standards

S. no.	Compound	RT (min)	λ (nm) found	λ (nm) reported	Q ratio found	Q ratio reported	%III/II	Ref.
1	9-cis-neoxanthin	3.78	328.0,(418.0),439.0, 468.0	327.0,416.0, 439.0, 468.0	0.13	0.16	55.55	[20]
2	Phytoene isomer 1	3.89	277.0
3	Phytoene isomer 2	4.18	265.0, 272.0				19.08
4	13-cis or 13′-cis-Lutein	5.00	330.0,(420.0),441.0, 466.0	332.0,416.0, 440.0, 468.0	0.39	0.39	23.07	[21]
5	Phytoene isomer 3	5.02	270.0
6	9-cis-violaxanthin	5.03	327.0, 412.0, 435.0, 464.0	328.0,412.0, 436.0, 464.0	0.12	0.11	87.5	[22]
7	15-cis zeaxanthin	5.25	335.0, (422.0), 447.0, 470.0	338.0,422.0, 446.0, 470.0	0.48	0.45		[23]
8	13-cis zeaxanthin	5.49	337.0, (422.0), 444.0, 469.0	338.0,424.0, 446.0, 472.0	0.43	0.37	8.69	[23]
9	9-cis-antheraxanthin	5.68	330.0, (419.0), 442.0, 469.0	332.0,440.0, 468.0	0.13	0.09	5.33	[24]
10	Phytoene isomer	5.88	(276.0), 286.0, (298.0)
11	9-cis or 9′-cis-Lutein	6.18	333.0, (419.0), 440.0, 468.0	332.0,416.0, 440.0, 470.0	0.08	0.13	64.70	[21]
12	9′-cis-antheraxanthin	6.29	330.0, (419.0), 441.0, 468.0	332.0,440.0, 468.0	0.07	0.08	53.57	[24]
13	13-cis-β-cryptoxanthin	6.73	336.0, (421.0), 449.0, 473.0		0.25
14	9-cis-zeaxanthin	7.02	341.0, (422.0), 446.0, 473.0	338.0,422.0, 446.0, 474.0	0.11	0.12	36.36	[23]
15	13′-cis β-cryptoxanthin	7.08	336.0, (418.0), 444.0, 469.0	336.0,415.0, 443.0, 470.0	0.43	0.47	10.43	[25]
16	15,9′-cis-phytofluene	7.81	332.0, 348.0, 367.0	330.0, 347.0, 366.0			71.42	[26]
17	Phytofluene isomer 1	8.08	332.0, 348.0, 367.0				82.92
18	13-cis-α-carotene	8.19	331.0, 418.0, 440.0, 466.0	330.0,417.0, 438.0, 466.0	0.43	0.43	33.33	[26,27]
19	9-cis-β-cryptoxanthin	8.38	336.0, (420.0), 446.0, 473.0	339.0,418.0, 445.0, 472.0	0.10	0.16	33.33	[25]
20	13′-cis α-Carotene	8.41	329.0, 416.0, 439.0, 466.0	332.0,416.0, 438.0, 465.0	0.35	0.41	33.33	[27]
21	9′-cis β-cryptoxanthin	8.55	338.0, (421.0), 447.0, 473.0	339.0,420.0, 445.0, 472.0	0.08	0.13	36.36	[25]
22	15-cis β-carotene	8.80	338.0, (420.0), 444.0, 468.0	337.0,420.0, 444.0, 470.0	0.42	0.41		[10]
23	9,15,9′ cis-ζ-carotene	8.90	295.0, 378.0, 397.0, 423.0	296.0, 377.0, 399.0, 424.0	0.34	0.24	76.92	[28]
24	ζ-carotene isomer 1	9.10	296.0, 375.0, 395.0, 420.0	276.0, 375.0, 395.0, 420.0	0.25	0.23	86.30	[28]
25	9-cis α-carotene	9.24	330.0, 419.0, 441.0, 469.0	330.0,418.0, 441.0, 467.0	0.08	0.1	90.90	[26,27]
26	δ-carotene isomer 1	9.60	345.0, 425.0, 450.0, 480.0		0.48		53.12
27	9′-cis α-Carotene	9.71	330.0, 421.0, 442.0, 469.0	330.0,421.0, 441.0, 469.0	0.12	0.08	50.00	[27]
28	δ-carotene isomer 2	9.75	345.0, 428.0, 453.0, 483.0	349.0, 430.0, 453.0, 482.0	0.54	0.42	42.85	[20]
29	ζ-carotene isomer 2	9.84	379.0, 401.0, 426.0	380.0, 401.0, 426.0			112.90	[28]
30	9-cis-β-carotene	9.97	346.0, (420.0), 447.0, 473.0	335.0, 421.0, 447.0, 472.0	0.10	0.09	31.80	[20,29]
31	Cis γ-carotene 1	10.18	348.0, 432.0, 454.0, 481.0		0.44		15.38
32	δ-carotene isomer 3	10.27	426.0, 451.0, 481.0				71.42
33	15-cis-neurosporene	10.46	330.0, 412.0, 435.0, 463.0	464.0	0.47	0.48	59.09	[30]
34	δ-carotene isomer 4	10.58	346.0, 425.0, 450.0, 480.0		0.39		64.51
35	Cis γ-carotene 2	11.00	348.0, 433.0, 455.0, 486.0		0.20		40.00
36	13-cis-neurosporene	11.20	330.0, 412.0, 434.0, 462.0	461.0	0.18	0.11	79.16	[30]
37	di-cis-lycopene 1	11.20	434.0, 457.0, 488.0	350.0, 458.0			57.0	[19]
38	di-cis-lycopene 2	12.10	460.0, 488.0	350.0, 464.0, 488.0	0.25		12.5	[19]
39	δ-carotene-isomer 5	12.14	428.0, 453.0, 484.0				73.07
40	15-cis-lycopene	12.51	361.0, 440.0, 467.0, 495.0	360.0, 437.0, 466.0, 494.0	0.57	0.75	18.75	[19]
41	13-cis-lycopene	12.83	361.0, 442.0, 465.0, 495.0	360.0, 437.0, 463.0, 494.0	0.58	0.55	35.71	[31]
42	9-cis-lycopene	13.64	440.0, 467.0, 497.0	360.0, 438.0, 464.0, 494.0	0.27	0.13	66.66	[31]
43	di-cis-lycopene 3	14.19	446.0, 472.0, 503.0	446.0, 472.0, 503.0	0.15	0.08	70.58	[31]
44	5-cis-lycopene	15.08	446.0, 472.0, 503.0	362.0, 442.0, 470.0, 502.0		0.06	74.28	[31]

Parentheses indicate a shoulder.

Q-ratio is the height ratio of the cis-peak to the main absorption peak.

%III/II represents the ratio of peak heights from the trough between peak II and III.