FIGURE 2.

Extinction of conditioned fear toward in and out-groups as a function of ethnical diversity in upbringing environment displayed separately for (A) White and Black faces and (B) White and Middle-Eastern faces. Out-group responses toward Black faces survived extinction independently of ethnical diversity in the upbringing environment (N = 9 homogenous environment; N = 6 mixed environment), whereas out-group responses toward Middle-Eastern faces survived extinction only in participants raised in ethnically homogenous (i.e., European) environments (N = 8 homogenous environment; N = 8 mixed environment). The Y-axis represents mean startle CS+/CS– differentiation scores after controlling for baseline (ITI) startle. Error bars represent mean standard error (SEM). *p < 0.05.