Table 1.
Variables | 2003 | 2011 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Males (n = 295) |
Females (n = 116) |
All | P value | Males (n = 295) |
Females (n = 116) |
All | P value | |
The number of the present teeth (median [25%, 75%]) | 27 (24, 28) | 26 (21, 28) | 26 (23, 28) | 0.001 | 26 (22, 28) | 24 (20, 27) | 25 (22, 28) | 0.003 |
Periodontal disease (PD ≥ 4 mm) (%) | 48.5 | 44.8 | 47.4 | 0.505 | 52.5 | 33.6 | 47.2 | 0.001 |
Serum antibody titer against Pg * | 7.7 (3.3, 15.6) | 8.6 (3.5, 21.8) | 7.9 (3.4, 17.0) | 0.363 | ||||
| ||||||||
Age (median [25%, 75%]) | 57 (48, 68) | 60 (50, 69) | 57 (49, 68) | 0.166 | 65 (56, 76) | 68 (58, 77) | 65 (57, 76) | 0.158 |
More than 3 times daily toothbrushing | 28.1 | 50.0 | 34.3 | <0.001 | ||||
Current/past smoking (%) | 63.7 | 3.4 | 46.7 | <0.001 | 63.7 | 3.4 | 46.7 | <0.001 |
Current alcohol consumption (%)† | 76.3 | 37.1 | 65.2 | <0.001 | 69.5 | 29.8 | 58.4 | <0.001 |
| ||||||||
Overweight (%) | 30.2 | 21.6 | 27.7 | 0.079 | 28.8 | 27.6 | 28.5 | 0.804 |
Elevated hsCRP (≥1 mg/L) (%)* | 18.6 | 17.2 | 18.2 | 0.740 | ||||
Elevated fasting glucose (≥100 mg/dL) (%) | 62.2 | 51.7 | 59.4 | 0.048 | 55.9 | 37.9 | 50.9 | 0.001 |
Reduced HDL (males < 40, females < 50 mg/dL) (%)‡ | 3.7 | 5.2 | 4.1 | 0.508 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 1.7 | 0.386 |
Elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dL) (%)§ | 32.9 | 25.0 | 30.7 | 0.119 | 33.6 | 37.9 | 34.8 | 0.402 |
Elevated blood pressure (≥130/≥85 mmHg) (%)‖ | 34.6 | 25.9 | 32.1 | 0.089 | 29.8 | 16.4 | 26.0 | 0.005 |
| ||||||||
Elevated leukocytes (≥9.0 × 109 cells/L) (%) | 4.4 | 0 | 3.2 | 0.024 | 1.4 | 0 | 1.0 | 0.581 |
Leukocytes (median [25%, 75%]) (109 cells/L) | 5.5 (4.7, 6.6) | 5.2 (4.5, 6.0) | 5.4 (4.6, 6.3) | 0.003 | 5.1 (4.3, 6.0) | 4.7 (4.1, 5.5) | 5.0 (4.3, 5.8) | 0.007 |
Neutrophils (median [25%, 75%]) (109 cells/L) | 3.2 (2.6, 3.9) | 3.0 (2.5, 3.6) | 3.1 (2.6, 3.8) | 0.038 | 3.0 (2.4, 3.5) | 2.7 (2.1, 3.3) | 2.9 (2.3, 3.5) | 0.013 |
Acidocytes (median [25%, 75%]) (109 cells/L) | 0.19 (0.01, 0.25) | 0.12 (0.08, 0.20) | 0.15 (0.09, 0.24) | 0.003 | 0.13 (0.08, 0.23) | 0.10 (0.06, 0.18) | 0.13 (0.08, 0.21) | <0.001 |
Monocytes (median [25%, 75%]) (109 cells/L) | 0.31 (0.25, 0.37) | 0.26 (0.22, 0.31) | 0.30 (0.24, 0.36) | <0.001 | 0.29 (0.24, 0.36) | 0.24 (0.21, 0.29) | 0.28 (0.23, 0.34) | <0.001 |
*Serum antibody titer against Pg and hsCRP were measured in preserved serum samples in 2003.
†Males, n = 292; females, n = 114, in 2011.
‡HDL < 40 mg/dL in males and <50 mg/dL in females for reduced HDL.
§Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL or drug treatment for dyslipidemia.
‖Systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥85 mmHg or antihypertensive drug treatment.
PD, periodontal pocket depth; hsCRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.