Table 2.
Prevalence ratios for periodontal disease (presence of periodontal pocket depth ≥4 mm) in 2003 in males and females.
|
Covariates from data of 2003 |
Males | Females | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of those having periodontal disease (n = 143) |
Crude PR (95% CI) |
Adjusted PR†
(95% CI) |
Number of those having periodontal disease (n = 52) |
Crude PR (95% CI) |
Adjusted PR†
(95% CI) |
|
| Serum antibody titer against Pg (%) | ||||||
| Low | 53 (35.3) | 1 | 1 | 15 (26.8) | 1 | 1 |
| High | 90 (62.1) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3)*** | 1.6 (1.3–2.1)*** | 37 (61.7) | 2.3 (1.4–3.7)*** | 2.2 (1.3–3.5)** |
| Overweight | ||||||
| No | 102 (49.5) | 1 | 34 (37.4) | 1 | 1 | |
| Yes | 41 (46.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 18 (72.0) | 1.9 (1.3–2.8)*** | 1.7 (1.2–2.6)* | |
| hsCRP | ||||||
| Normal | 116 (48.3) | 1 | 40 (41.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Elevated hsCRP | 27 (49.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 12 (60.0) | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | |
| Leukocytes | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Fasting glucose | ||||||
| Normal | 51 (45.9) | 1 | 23 (41.1) | 1 | ||
| Elevated fasting glucose | 92 (50.0) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 29 (48.3) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | ||
| HDL | ||||||
| Normal | 139 (48.9) | 1 | 46 (41.8) | |||
| Reduced | 4 (36.4) | 0.7 (0.4–1.6) | 6 (100.0) ‡ | |||
| Triglycerides | ||||||
| Normal | 99 (50.0) | 1 | 36 (41.4) | 1 | ||
| Elevated triglycerides | 44 (45.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 16 (55.2) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) | ||
| Blood pressure | ||||||
| Normal | 95 (49.2) | 1 | 37 (43.0) | 1 | ||
| Elevated blood pressure | 48 (47.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 15 (50.0) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| <60 yrs | 70 (40.2) | 1 | 1 | 24 (42.1) | 1 | |
| ≥60 yrs | 73 (60.3) | 1.5 (1.2–1.9)** | 1.4 (1.1–1.8)** | 28 (47.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | |
| Toothbrushing frequency | ||||||
| <3 times/day | 107 (50.5) | 1 | 29 (50.0) | 1 | ||
| ≥3 times/day | 36 (43.4) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 23 (39.7) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | ||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 46 (43.0) | 1 | 1 | 50 (44.6) | 1 | |
| Current/Past | 97 (51.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 2 (50.0) | 1.1 (0.4–3.0) | |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| No | 34 (48.6) | 1 | 34 (46.6) | 1 | ||
| Current | 109 (48.4) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 18 (41.9) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | ||
Poisson regression analysis with periodontal disease (periodontal pocket depth ≥4 mm) in 2003 as the dependent variable and serum antibody titer against Pg, overweight, hsCRP, leukocytes fasting glucose, HDL, triglycerides, blood pressure, age, smoking, and drinking in 2003 as the independent variables.
* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, and *** P < 0.001.
†Adjusted prevalence ratios in the final multivariable model after including covariates with a significance level for retention of P < 0.2.
‡PR was not calculated because of complete separation (the number of females with periodontally healthy and reduced HDL was 0).
HsCRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PR, prevalence ratio; CI, confidence interval.