Table 1.

Selected Characteristics of Study Communities (described from Phase 1 in our study)

City	Selected Community	Characteristics
Baltimore	East Baltimore	High prevalence of low income residents near the Johns Hopkins medical campus; majority of residents are African American
Shanghai	Sub-district	A suburban area located in the northwest of Shanghai, the size is 18.8 square kilometers with about 200,000 inhabitants and over half of inhabitants are migrants.
Johannesburg	Hillbrow	Densely populated inner city area (size is about 1 square kilometer with approximately 100,000 inhabitants); community is characterized by high levels of poverty and crime; made up of local Johannesburg residents and immigrants
Ibadan	Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo state	Third largest city in Nigeria; capital of Oyo state – within the city, a poor 'inner city' community was selected; predominant ethnic group was Yoruba
New Delhi	A slum in one of Delhi's four districts (South Delhi) bordering the state of Haryana	Large slum community inhabited by migrant families from different parts of the country, overwhelmingly poor, lacking basic facilities, such as sanitation and water