Table 3.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Association Between Gender and Baseline Health Status

	SF‐12 PCS at Baseline			SF‐12 MCS at Baseline
	Estimate	95% CI	P Value	Estimate	95% CI	P Value
Unadjusted
Female gender	−2.76	−5.06; −0.46	0.019	−2.29	−4.98; 0.40	0.10
Adjusted step 1*
Female gender	−2.25	−4.81; 0.31	0.09	−2.95	−5.53; −0.37	0.025
Adjusted step 2†
Female gender	9.83	−4.95; 24.62	0.19	−3.69	−19.40; 12.01	0.66
Adjusted step 3‡
Female gender	−1.47	−4.00; 1.06	0.26	−0.40	−3.18; 2.38	0.79
Adjusted step 4§
Female gender	−2.70	−5.23; −0.16	0.037	−1.08	−3.45; 1.29	0.37
Adjusted step 5∥
Female gender	−2.17	−4.28; −0.06	0.044	−1.33	−3.22; 0.56	0.17
Adjusted step 6¶
Female gender	−2.13	−4.17; −0.09	0.041	−1.78	−3.82; 0.27	0.09
Adjusted step 7#
Female gender	−1.76	−3.67; −0.15	0.07	−1.36	−3.21; −0.48	0.14

Regression coefficients and 95% CIs are presented. MCS indicates mental component score, PCS, physical component score. The following covariates are sequentially included in the adjusted models: *adjusted model 1, gender and age; †adjusted model 2, model 1 and gender × age; ‡adjusted model 3, model 1 and socio‐demographics (no partner and <high school education); §adjusted model 4, model 3, and clinical factors (diabetes, current smoking, prior stroke, prior acute myocardial infarction heart failure, and renal dysfunction). The exploratory adjusted models include the following covariates: ∥exploratory adjusted model 5, model 4 and depression; ¶exploratory adjusted model 6, model 5 and co‐morbidities (body mass index ≥30 kg/m², chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, back pain, and hip/knee osteoarthritis); #exploratory adjusted model 7, model 6, pain‐free walking distance and ankle brachial index.