Table 5.

Unadjusted and Adjusted Association Between Gender and 12‐Month Health Status

	SF‐12 PCS at 12‐Months			SF‐12 MCS at 12‐Months
	Estimate	95% CI	P Value	Estimate	95% CI	P Value
Unadjusted
Female gender	−3.89	−7.21; −0.58	0.023	−4.66	−8.55; −0.77	0.019
Adjusted step 1*
Female gender	−3.90	−6.75; −1.06	0.007	−4.99	−9.07; −0.91	0.017
Adjusted step 2†
Female gender	−9.53	−30.03; 10.97	0.36	−17.30	−50.73; 16.14	0.31
Adjusted step 3‡
Female gender	−2.32	−5.95; 1.31	0.22	−2.82	−6.75; 1.11	0.16
Adjusted step 4§
Female gender	−3.41	−6.88; 0.07	0.06	−4.10	−7.84; −0.36	0.032
Adjusted step 5∥
Female gender	−3.35	−6.34; −0.37	0.028	−2.21	−5.47; 1.05	0.19
Adjusted step 6¶
Female gender	−2.26	−5.05; 0.54	0.11	−2.44	−5.52; 0.65	0.12
Adjusted step 7#
Female gender	−2.69	−5.24; −0.15	0.039	−1.04	−4.35; 2.26	0.53

Regression coefficients and 95% CIs are presented. MCS indicates mental component score; PCS, physical component score. The following covariates are sequentially included in the adjusted models: *adjusted model 1; gender and age; †adjusted model 2, model 1 and gender × age; ‡adjusted model 3, model 1 and socio‐demographics (no partner and <high school education); §adjusted model 4, model 3 and clinical factors (diabetes, current smoking, prior stroke, prior acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and renal dysfunction). The exploratory adjusted models include the following covariates: ∥exploratory adjusted model 5, model 4 and depression; ¶exploratory adjusted model 6, model 5 and co‐morbidities (body mass index ≥30 kg/m², chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, back pain, and hip/knee osteoarthritis); #exploratory adjusted model 7, model 6, pain‐free walking distance and ankle brachial index.