Table 5.
Effect of Diets on Lipids, Lipoproteins, Apolipoproteins, Glucose, Insulin, CRP, and Blood Pressure
| Baseline AAD (n=45) | LF (n=43) | MF (n=42) | AV (n=43) | Treatment Effect (P Value) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cholesterol, mg/dL | |||||
| TC | 199.9±4.8 | 190.7±5.1a* | 188.7±4.4a* | 182.2±4.3b* | 0.005 |
| Non‐HDL‐C | 151.2±4.3 | 145.9±4.6a | 141.5±4.0a* | 135.3±3.8b* | <0.0001 |
| LDL‐C | 128.1±3.9 | 120.5±4.2a* | 119.0±3.7a* | 113.7±3.4b* | 0.005 |
| IDL‐C | 15.7±0.7 | 15.8±0.7a | 14.7±0.8b | 13.7±0.7b* | <0.0001 |
| LP(a) | 6.6±0.7 | 6.0±0.7a* | 6.3±0.8a,b* | 6.4±0.7b | 0.02 |
| VLDL‐C | 23.3±0.9 | 25.6±1.3a* | 22.6±0.8b | 21.7±0.9b | <0.0001 |
| HDL‐C | 48.7±1.8 | 44.8±1.5a* | 47.2±1.5b* | 46.9±1.6b* | 0.02 |
| TG, mg/dL | 114.0±5.9 | 134.3±9.8a* | 111.1±5.8b | 108.6±7.2b | 0.0005 |
| Lipoprotein ratios | |||||
| TC:HDL‐C | 4.29±0.15 | 4.41±0.16a* | 4.15±0.15b | 4.00±0.13c* | <0.0001 |
| LDL:HDL‐C | 2.78±0.12 | 2.79±0.13a | 2.64±0.12b | 2.52±0.11c* | <0.0001 |
| TG:HDL‐C | 2.54±0.17 | 3.27±0.30a* | 2.53±0.18b | 2.46±0.19b | 0.0003 |
| Apolipoproteins, mg/L | |||||
| ApoB | 101.1±2.8 | 99.0±2.9a | 95.3±2.5b* | 92.4±2.5b* | <0.0001 |
| ApoA1 | 144.6±3.0 | 138.4±2.4* | 141.8±2.7* | 140.9±2.6* | 0.08 |
| ApoB:ApoA1 | 0.71±0.02 | 0.72±0.02a | 0.68±0.02b | 0.67±0.02b* | <0.0001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 92.2±1.2 | 91.5±1.0 | 92.8±1.2 | 91.0±0.9 | 0.3 |
| Insulin, μIU/mL | 4.31±0.43 | 4.30±0.50 | 4.26±0.43 | 4.13±0.41 | 0.8 |
| hsCRP, mg/L | 1.48±0.23 | 1.66±0.29 | 1.43±0.25 | 1.49±0.23 | 0.3 |
| HOMA | 0.99±0.11 | 0.98±0.12 | 0.97±0.10 | 0.94±0.10 | 0.6 |
| Blood pressure, mmHg | |||||
| SBP | 117.2±1.6 | 115.0±1.3 | 115.4±1.5 | 116.6±1.5 | 0.6 |
| DBP | 79.2±1.1 | 77.7±1.1 | 78.4±1.2 | 78.0±1.1 | 0.9 |
All values are means±SEMs. AAD indicates average American diet; AV, avocado diet; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; hsCRP, high sensitive C‐reactive protein; HDL‐C, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA, homeostatic model assessment; IDL‐C, intermediate‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; LF, lower‐fat diet; LP(a), lipoprotein(a); MF, moderate‐fat diet; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; VLDL‐C, very‐low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Significant change compared to baseline AAD, P<0.05. Values in diet treatments with different superscript letters (a, b, and c) are significantly different (Tukey post‐hoc test by SAS, P<0.05).