Table 2.
Effect of 48‐Hour Moving Average of PM2.5 on HRV, Normative Aging Study, 2000–2011 (N=500)
| HRV Measure | Change in HRV Per 10 μg/m3 Increase in PM2.5 Concentration* | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| % Change | 95% CI | P Value | |
| HR | 0.42 | −0.94 to 1.80 | 0.55 |
| rMSSD | −7.74 | −15.90 to 1.21 | 0.09 |
| SDNN | −7.46 | −13.50 to −0.99 | 0.02 |
| LF | −14.18 | −25.49 to −1.14 | 0.03 |
| HF | −12.94 | −25.96 to 2.36 | 0.09 |
HF indicates high‐frequency power (0.15 to 0.4 Hz); HR, heart rate; HRV, heart rate variability; LF, low‐frequency power (0.04 to 0.15 Hz); PM2.5, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm; rMSSD, root mean square of successive differences; SDNN, standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal intervals.
*
Results were adjusted for age; body mass index; fasting glucose level; hypertension; smoking status; alcohol consumption; physical exercise; household income; the use of calcium channel blocker, β‐blocker, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; room temperature; outdoor apparent temperature; season; weekday; and visit date.