Table 3.
Effect of 48‐Hour Moving Average of Black Carbon, Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone on HRV, Normative Aging Study, 2000–2011 (N=573)
| HRV | Black Carbon | Carbon Monoxide | Nitrogen Dioxide | Ozone | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % Change* | 95% CI | P Value | % Change* | 95% CI | P Value | % Change* | 95% CI | P Value | % Change* | 95% CI | P Value | |
| HR | 0.04 | −0.82 to 0.92 | 0.92 | −0.97 | −3.16 to 1.28 | 0.40 | 0.25 | −0.76 to 1.27 | 0.63 | −0.92 | −2.19 to 0.37 | 0.16 |
| rMSSD | −2.02 | −7.59 to 3.88 | 0.49 | −1.86 | −15.63 to 14.15 | 0.81 | −3.71 | −10.08 to 3.11 | 0.28 | −5.31 | −13.2 to 3.3 | 0.22 |
| SDNN | −2.28 | −6.36 to 1.98 | 0.29 | −2.19 | −12.42 to 9.23 | 0.69 | −1.93 | −6.72 to 3.1 | 0.44 | −4.13 | −10.04 to 2.17 | 0.19 |
| LF | −2.46 | −10.82 to 6.68 | 0.59 | −1.61 | −21.91 to 23.96 | 0.89 | −1.55 | −11.31 to 9.3 | 0.77 | −5.92 | −17.66 to 7.5 | 0.37 |
| HF | −1.91 | −11.45 to 8.67 | 0.71 | −2.55 | −25.13 to 26.86 | 0.85 | −7.29 | −17.7 to 4.44 | 0.21 | −5.19 | −18.57 to 10.39 | 0.49 |
HF indicates high‐frequency power (0.15 to 0.4 Hz); HR, heart rate; HRV, heart rate variability; LF, low‐frequency power (0.04 to 0.15 Hz); rMSSD, root mean square of successive differences; SDNN, standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal intervals.
*
Results were adjusted for age; body mass index; fasting glucose level; hypertension; smoking status; alcohol consumption; physical exercise; household income; the use of calcium channel blocker, β‐blocker, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor; room temperature; outdoor apparent temperature; season; weekday; and visit date.