Table 3.

Univariate ACE/ADE Estimates for all the Phenotypes, and Test for Sex Difference

Phenotype	Sex	h2	A	C	D	E	Qualitative Sex Diff	Quantitative Sex Diff
Cystatin C	M	0.55 (0.49 to 0.60)	0.26 (0.14 to 0.43)		0.29 (0.11 to 0.43)	0.45 (0.40 to 0.51)	N	Y
	F	0.63 (0.59 to 0.66)	0.56 (0.37 to 0.65)		0.06 (0.00 to 0.26)	0.37 (0.34 to 0.41)
	Both	0.60 (0.56 to 0.63)	0.37 (0.24 to 0.49)		0.23 (0.09 to 0.37)	0.40 (0.37 to 0.44)
Creatinine	M	0.56 (0.51 to 0.61)	0.24 (0.12 to 0.41)		0.32 (0.14 to 0.46)	0.44 (0.39 to 0.49)	N	Y
	F	0.62 (0.58 to 0.65)	0.61 (0.49 to 0.65)		0.01 (0.00 to 0.13)	0.38 (0.35 to 0.42)
	Both	0.59 (0.56 to 0.62)	0.38 (0.25 to 0.51)		0.21 (0.08 to 0.35)	0.41 (0.38 to 0.44)
eGFR* (Cys C)	M	0.55 (0.50 to 0.60)	0.28 (0.14 to 0.47)		0.28 (0.65 to 0.42)	0.45 (0.40 to 0.50)	N	Y
	F	0.63 (0.59 to 0.66)	0.60 (0.41 to 0.66)		0.03 (0.00 to 0.23)	0.37 (0.34 to 0.41)
	Both	0.60 (0.57 to 0.63)	0.39 (0.26 to 0.52)		0.21 (0.07 to 0.35)	0.40 (0.37 to 0.43)
MDRD* (crea)	M	0.62 (0.57 to 0.66)	0.39 (0.26 to 0.58)		0.22 (0.03 to 0.37)	0.38 (0.34 to 0.43)	N	Y
	F	0.65 (0.62 to 0.68)	0.65 (0.58 to 0.68)		0.00 (0.00 to 0.07)	0.35 (0.32 to 0.38)
	Both	0.63 (0.60 to 0.66)	0.56 (0.43 to 0.64)		0.07 (0.00 to 0.21)	0.37 (0.34 to 0.40)
CKD‐epi* (Cys C+crea)	M	0.56 (0.46 to 0.62)	0.56 (0.46 to 0.62)	0.17 (0.11 to 0.25)		0.28 (0.25 to 0.31)	N	Y
	F	0.36 (0.27 to 0.44)	0.36 (0.27 to 0.44)	0.39 (0.31 to 0.47)		0.25 (0.23 to 0.28)
	Both	0.48 (0.42 to 0.54)	0.48 (0.42 to 0.54)	0.26 (0.20 to 0.31)		0.26 (0.24 to 0.28)
CKD‐epi* (crea)	M	0.62 (0.50 to 0.68)	0.62 (0.50 to 0.68)	0.06 (0.02 to 0.16)		0.32 (0.28 to 0.36)	N	Y
	F	0.37 (0.27 to 0.48)	0.37 (0.27 to 0.48)	0.30 (0.21 to 0.39)		0.32 (0.29 to 0.36)
	Both	0.54 (0.47 to 0.61)	0.54 (0.47 to 0.61)	0.14 (0.08 to 0.19)		0.32 (0.30 to 0.35)
CKD‐epi* (Cys C)	M	0.51 (0.39 to 0.58)	0.51 (0.39 to 0.58)	0.21 (0.15 to 0.31)		0.28 (0.25 to 0.32)	N	Y
	F	0.38 (0.30 to 0.47)	0.38 (0.30 to 0.47)	0.38 (0.30 to 0.46)		0.24 (0.21 to 0.26)
	Both	0.46 (0.40 to 0.52)	0.46 (0.40 to 0.52)	0.28 (0.23 to 0.33)		0.25 (0.24 to 0.28)
CVD*	M	0.39 (0.02 to 0.67)	0.39 (0.02 to 0.67)	0.17 (0.05 to 0.45)		0.44 (0.32 to 0.58)	N	N
	F	0.20 (0.00 to 0.61)	0.20 (0.00 to 0.61)	0.27 (0.00 to 0.51)		0.53 (0.37 to 0.70)
	Both	0.41 (0.13 to 0.62)	0.41 (0.13 to 0.62)	0.12 (0.00 to 0.31)		0.47 (0.38 to 0.59)
CAE*	M	0.48 (0.08 to 0.77)	0.48 (0.08 to 0.77)	0.19 (0.00 to 0.49)		0.33 (0.22 to 0.48)	N	N
	F	0.30 (0.00 to 0.72)	0.30 (0.00 to 0.72)	0.25 (0.00 to 0.58)		0.45 (0.27 to 0.66)
	Both	0.51 (0.21 to 0.73)	0.51 (0.21 to 0.73)	0.12 (0.00 to 0.33)		0.37 (0.27 to 0.49)
Stroke*	M	0.24 (0.00 to 0.61)	0.24 (0.00 to 0.61)	0.17 (0.00 to 0.47)		0.60 (0.38 to 0.80)	N	N
	F	0.48 (0.02 to 0.70)	0.48 (0.02 to 0.70)	0.00 (0.00 to 0.33)		0.52 (0.30 to 0.78)
	Both	0.45 (0.07 to 0.59)	0.45 (0.07 to 0.59)	0.00 (0.00 to 0.00)		0.55 (0.41 to 0.72)

A indicates added genetic component; C, common environmental component; CAE, Coronary artery event; CVD, cardiovascular disease; D, dominance genetic component; E, unique environment component; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; h², heritability, defined as A in ACE‐model and A+D in ADE‐model; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; qualitative sex‐difference, genetic correlation of less than 0.5 among opposite‐sex twin pairs suggesting different genetic factors operating for males and females; quantitative sex‐difference, significant difference in correlation between male and females.

^*Machine calculated GFR.

^*GFR according to the MDRD formula.

^*GFR according to the CKD‐epi formula.

^*Cardiodascular disease (definition in method).

^*Coronary artery event (definition in method).

^*Stroke defined in method.