Table 5.
Bivariate Heritability Analysis
| Male | Female | Combined | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cystatin C vs creatinine | |||
| Bivariate correlations | |||
| Genetic (ra) | 0.64 (0.58 to 0.70) | 0.53 (0.43 to 0.62) | 0.60 (0.57 to 0.63) |
| Shared environmental (rc) | −0.99 (−1 to 1) | 0.99 (−1 to 1) | 0.95 (−1.00 to 1.00) |
| Non‐shared environmental (re) | 0.63 (0.58 to 0.67) | 0.52 (0.47 to 0.57) | 0.57 (0.53 to 0.60) |
| Phenotypic correlation | 0.63 (0.61 to 0.65) | 0.55 (0.53 to 0.57) | 0.59 (0.58 to 0.60) |
| Mediated by: | |||
| Bivariate heritability (biv h2) | 0.52 (0.44 to 0.59) | 0.51 (0.36 to 0.65) | 0.59 (0.54 to 0.63) |
| Bivariate shared environment (biv c2) | 0.00 (−0.02 to 0.04) | 0.12 (−0.00 to 0.25) | 0.00 (−0.01 to 0.02) |
| Bivariate non‐shared environment (biv e2) | 0.48 (0.41 to 0.56) | 0.37 (0.32 to 0.42) | 0.41 (0.37 to 0.46) |
| Cystatin C vs CVD | |||
| Bivariate correlations | |||
| Genetic (ra) | 0.41 (0.21 to 0.62) | 0.05 (−0.24 to 0.43) | 0.30 (0.14 to 0.59) |
| Shared environmental (rc) | −0.99 (−1 to 1) | 0.99 (−1 to 1) | −0.99 (−1.00 to 1.00) |
| Non‐shared environmental (re) | 0.01 (−0.12 to 0.13) | 0.17 (0.06 to 0.28) | 0.08 (−0.01 to 0.16) |
| Phenotypic correlation | 0.16 (0.12 to 0.20) | 0.17 (0.13 to 0.21) | 0.16 (0.14 to 0.19) |
| Mediated by: | |||
| Bivariate heritability (biv h2) | 1.13 (0.59 to 1.72)* | 0.10 (−0.49 to 0.88) | 0.84 (0.40 to 1.28) |
| Bivariate shared environment (biv c2) | −0.15 (−0.49 to 0.17) | 0.43 (−0.20 to 0.89) | −0.05 (−0.34 to 0.24) |
| Bivariate non‐shared environment (biv e2) | 0.02 (−0.35 to 0.39) | 0.47 (0.17 to 0.77) | 0.21 (−0.04 to 0.46) |
| Creatinine vs CVD | |||
| Bivariate correlations | |||
| Genetic (ra) | 0.32 (0.12 to 0.54) | −0.19 (−0.36 to 0.06) | 0.21 (0.06 to 0.48) |
| Shared environmental (rc) | −0.99 (−1 to 1) | 0.43 (−0.38 to 1) | −0.99 (−1.00 to 1.00) |
| Non‐shared environmental (re) | −0.11 (−0.23 to 0.02) | 0.09 (−0.33 to 0.21) | −0.03 (−0.12 to 0.06) |
| Phenotypic correlation | 0.09 (0.05 to 0.13) | 0.05 (0.01 to 0.09) | 0.07 (0.05 to 0.10) |
| Mediated by: | |||
| Bivariate heritability (biv h2) | 1.64 (0.64 to 3.03)* | −1.16** | 1.34 (0.37 to 2.57) |
| Bivariate shared environment (biv c2) | −0.09 (−0.79 to 0.55) | 1.37* | −0.14 (−0.89 to 0.49) |
| Bivariate non‐shared environment (biv e2) | −0.55 (−1.50 to 0.08) | 0.79* | −0.20 (−0.89 to 0.35) |
Cystatin C and creatinine are sex‐, age adjusted and log‐transformed. CVD indicates cardiovascular disease.
*
If the genetic correlation is in opposite direction with the environmental correlation, the proportion of the phenotypic correlation mediated by genetic component can go beyond 100%, whereas the sum of proportions of the phenotypic correlation mediated by ra, rc, and re, is always between 1.0 and −1.0.
*
There were some convergence problems when estimating the confidence interval for creatinine vs CVD in females.