Table 3.
Cluster characteristics at baseline.
| High Stable | Moderate/High Fluctuating | Moderate/Low Fluctuating | Low Stable | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
| Female, % | 46 | 50 | 36 | 56 | 43 | 49 | 39 | 59 |
| Age in years, mean±sd * | 52.02±14.38 | 53.39±13.54 | 45.60±14.16 | 47.13±13.76 | ||||
| Adjusted Household Income, mean±sd | $23,848±$13,446 | $21,476±$15,428 | $19,225±$14,558 | $17,409±$10,136 | ||||
| Education, mean±sd | 4.33±1.10 | 4.28±1.14 | 4.05±1.07 | 3.82±1.19 | ||||
| Working or Student, %* | 46 | 54 | 36 | 36.1 | 43 | 62.8 | 39 | 33.3 |
| Disabled, % | 46 | 4 | 36 | 22.2 | 43 | 14.0 | 39 | 23.1 |
| White, %+ | 46 | 96 | 36 | 92 | 43 | 93 | 39 | 97 |
| African American, % | 46 | 4 | 36 | 8 | 43 | 5 | 39 | 5 |
| Native American/Alaska Native, % | 46 | 4 | 36 | 0 | 43 | 2 | 39 | 5 |
| Asian/Pacific Islander, %* | 46 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 43 | 7 | 39 | 0 |
| Hispanic, % | 45 | 0 | 36 | 0 | 43 | 2 | 39 | 0 |
| Mental Health Diagnosis, % | 46 | 36 | 43 | 39 | ||||
| Schizophrenia | 35 | 42 | 49 | 46 | ||||
| Affective Psychoses | 11 | 8 | 7 | 18 | ||||
| Bipolar Disorder | 54 | 50 | 44 | 36 | ||||
| Mental Health Diagnosis, dichotomized, % | 46 | 36 | 43 | 39 | ||||
| Schizophrenia spectrum | 35 | 42 | 49 | 46 | ||||
| Mood Disorder | 65 | 58 | 51 | 54 | ||||
| Age first “felt different,” %* | 46 | 33 | 41 | 36 | ||||
| Always | 7 | 3 | 5 | 11 | ||||
| Grade school | 11 | 24 | 27 | 39 | ||||
| High school | 24 | 15 | 24 | 17 | ||||
| Age 18 or above | 59 | 58 | 44 | 33 | ||||
| Count of non-inclusion mental health comorbidities, mean±sd | 0.54±1.01 | 0.78±1.07 | 0.67±1.04 | 0.95±1.19 | ||||
| Count of addiction comorbidities, mean±sd | 0.26±0.49 | 0.22±0.42 | 0.26±0.49 | 0.51±0.72 | ||||
| Taking Psychiatric Medications, % | 46 | 91 | 36 | 92 | 43 | 91 | 39 | 92 |
| Lifetime hospitalizations, mean±sd | 2.30±1.28 | 2.69±1.28 | 2.67±1.49 | 3.08±1.77 | ||||
| Worst year GAF, mean±sd* | 41.54±11.28 | 40.47±11.10 | 36.05±10.59 | 36.15±8.81 | ||||
| Baseline GAF minus worst year GAF, mean±sd* | 33.48±12.43 | 27.68±13.09 | 27.19±14.03 | 21.42±13.05 | ||||
| Patient Activation Measure, Mental Health (at follow-up 1), mean±sd* | 67.49±16.06 | 56.83±12.94 | 66.42±13.42 | 55.19±8.54 | ||||
*
p < 0.05.
+
participants could code all races that apply so percentages add to > 100%.
The Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale has a possible range from 0 −100 with 100 indicating the best possible functional level.
The Patient Activation Measure-Mental Health (PAM-MH) has a possible range from 39–59 with 59 indicating greater activation.