Table 2.
Sociodemographic, behavioral, substance use, and clinical factors associated with membership in group-based drinking trajectories among HIV-infected men who have sex with men(n= 1065).
| Characteristic | Infrequent Drinkers (n= 109) |
Low Risk (n= 364) |
Potentially Hazardous (n= 353) |
Consistently Hazardous (n= 113) |
p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean, SD | |||||
| Age at baseline | 47.5 (9.3) | 45.8 (8.8) | 44.5 (9.8) | 45.0 (7.2) | 0.014 |
| AUDIT-C score at baseline | 0.0 (0.1) | 1.5 (1.2) | 3.4 (2.0) | 6.3 (2.6) | <0.001 |
| Depressive symptomology (PHQ-9 score) at baseline | 5.7 (6.4) | 5.7 (6.3) | 5.1 (5.3) | 6.8 (6.4) | 0.066 |
|
n, % | |||||
| Unhealthy drinking (AUDIT-C ≥ 4) at baseline | 0 (0.0) | 17 (4.7) | 151 (42.8) | 102 (91.1) | <0.001 |
| High school education or greater | 74 (67.9) | 286 (78.6) | 281 (79.6) | 76 (67.3) | 0.006 |
| African American race | 58 (54.2) | 228 (64.6) | 189 (54.0) | 54 (49.5) | 0.012 |
| Married or common law at baseline | 57 (52.3) | 182 (50.4) | 183 (52.1) | 50 (45.9) | 0.785 |
| Employed/self-employed at baseline | 38 (34.9) | 168 (46.2) | 172 (48.7) | 46 (40.7) | 0.057 |
| <$6,000 annual income at baseline | 15 (14.2) | 36 (10.0) | 50 (14.4) | 27 (25.0) | 0.014 |
| Ever homeless | 40 (37.0) | 94 (26.0) | 93 (26.4) | 44 (38.9) | 0.009 |
| Male and female sex partners¶ | 13 (11.9) | 41 (11.3) | 40 (11.3) | 21 (18.6) | 0.184 |
| Alcohol-related diagnosis§ | 14 (12.8) | 60 (16.5) | 74 (21.0) | 59 (62.2) | <0.001 |
| Drug-related diagnosis§ | 25 (22.9) | 94 (23.1) | 93 (26.4) | 49 (43.4) | <0.001 |
| Major depressive disorder diagnosis§ | 30 (27.5) | 91 (25.0) | 90 (25.5) | 30 (26.6) | 0.954 |
| PTSD diagnosis§ | 15 (13.8) | 19 (5.2) | 32 (9.1) | 12 (10.6) | 0.020 |
| Cannabis use¶ | 17 (16.5) | 147 (41.0) | 162 (46.2) | 58 (52.3) | <0.001 |
| Cocaine use¶ | 10 (9.8) | 68 (19.0) | 73 (21.0) | 37 (33.0) | <0.001 |
| Stimulant use¶ | 8 (7.8) | 30 (8.4) | 33 (9.5) | 11 (9.7) | 0.921 |
| Substance abuse treatment¶ | 9 (8.3) | 35 (9.6) | 32 (9.1) | 16 (14.2) | 0.399 |
| Positive HCV status at baseline | 35 (32.1) | 117 (32.1) | 111 (31.4) | 42 (37.2) | 0.722 |
*
Derived from F ratio (continuous values) or chi-square statistic (categorical variables);
¶
Denotes use or experiences in the past-year, reported at baseline;
§
recorded ICD-9 diagnosis between 12 months before VACS enrollment and end of study period. Abbreviations: AUDIT-C = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption questionnaire (Bush et al., 1998); HCV = hepatitis C virus; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (Kroenke et al., 2001); PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; VACS = Veterans Aging Cohort Study.