Figure 1.
Summary of the direct connections of the semicircular canals to the oculomotor neurons and muscles (from Leigh and Zee1 with permission). Each canal has excitatory projections (open circles) to the acting motoneurons and inhibitory projections (filled up circles) to the antagonistic motoneurons. Abbreviations: AC/PC/HC, anterior/posterior/horizontal canal; SR/MR/IR/LR, superior/medial/inferior/lateral rectus; SO/IO, superior/inferior oblique; III/IV/VI, third/fourth/sixth cranial nerve nucleus; IC, interstitial nucleus of Cajal; VTT, ventral tegmental tract; MLF, medial longitudinal fasciculus; ATD, ascending tract of Deiters; SV/LV/MV/V, superior/lateral/medial/inferior vestibular nucleus; BC, brachium conjunctivum; XII, hypoglossal nucleus; PH, prepositus hypoglossal nucleus.