Table 1. Characteristics of 33 surgical and 33 non-surgical cohorts at presentation, preoperative, and interim examinations, and after ∼5 years of follow-up.
| Surgical cohort | na | Non-surgical cohort | na | Comparison between groups | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Presentation examination | |||||
| Estimated age at onset: mean±SD years | 2.0±2.4 | 33 | 2.0±2.4 | 33 | P>0.99 |
| Age at presentation: mean±SD years | 3.8±3.2 | 33 | 3.6±2.5 | 33 | P=0.7 |
| Total length of follow-up: mean±SD years | 7.2±2.6 | 33 | 6.8±2.3 | 33 | P=0.5 |
| Distance PACT: mean±SD (range), PD | 23XT±8 (10XT to 40XT) | 30 | 24XT±6 (10XT to 35XT) | 31 | P=0.5 |
| Near PACT: mean±SD (range), PD | 17XT±11 (0 to 40XT) | 30 | 15XT±13 (0 to 40XT) | 24 | P=0.5 |
| Preoperative/interim examination | |||||
| Age: mean±SD years | 6.4±2.8 | 33 | 6.6±2.9 | 33 | P=0.8 |
| Distance PACT: mean±SD (range), PD | 28XT±7 (14XT to 45XT) | 33 | 24XT±9 (4XT to 40XT) | 30 | P=0.04 |
| Near PACT: mean ±SD (range), PD | 25XT±9 (4XT to 45XT) | 32 | 16XT±11 (0 to 40XT) | 28 | P=0.002 |
| Stereoacuity: n (%) monofixation | 9 (36%) | 25 | 3 (13%) | 24 | P=0.2 |
| Distance control score: median (quartiles)b | 3.5 (2.0, 5.0) | 20 | 2.0 (2.0, 3.0) | 26 | P=0.007 |
| Near control score: median (quartiles)b | 1.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 19 | 1.0 (0.0, 1.0) | 25 | P=0.004 |
| 5-year examination | |||||
| Age: mean±SD years | 11.0±3.1 | 33 | 10.4±2.7 | 33 | P=0.4 |
| Distance PACT: mean±SD (range), PD | 8XT±9 (12 ET to 25XT)c | 33 | 21XT±8 (0 to 40XT) | 33 | P<0.0001 |
| Near PACT: mean±SD (range), PD | 9XT±9 (8 ET to 30XT)c | 32 | 14XT±11 (2 ET to 45XT)d | 30 | P=0.03 |
| Stereoacuity: n (%) monofixation | 18 (55%) | 33 | 7 (21%) | 33 | P=0.01 |
| Distance control score: median (quartiles)b | 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) | 13 | 2.0 (1.0, 2.0) | 30 | P=0.8 |
| Near control score: median (quartiles)b | 1.0 (1.0, 4.0) | 9 | 1.0 (1.0, 1.0) | 30 | P=0.4 |
| No tropia by history or exam (equivalent to ‘cure' rate) n (%) | 10 (30%) | 33 | 4 (12%) | 33 | P=0.1 |
Abbreviations: ET=esotropia; PACT=prism and alternate cover test; PD=prism diopter; XT=exotropia.
a
n=number of patients with data.
b
Control was assessed using the 0- to 5-point office control scale.14
c
Four surgical patients had an esodeviation at distance (range 1–12 PD) and five had an esodeviation at near (range 1–8 PD). Four patients were orthotropic at distance and two at near. Twenty-five had a recurrent exodeviation at distance (range 2–25 PD) and 25 at near (range 2–30 PD).
d
One non-surgical patient had a 2 PD esodeviation at near.