Table 1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of the Participants.
| Variable | SZ nonsmoker | SZ smoker | HC nonsmoker | HC smoker | Statistics (p-value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 4 F, 9 M | 5 F, 12 M | 13 F, 19 M | 5 F, 8 M | 0.848a |
| Age | 28.3±7.9 | 29.2±5.4 | 27.4±3.6 | 27.9±4.6 | 0.703b |
| Handedness | 11 R, 2 L | 14 R, 3 L | 30 R, 2 L | 11 R, 2 L | 0.616a |
| Fagerstroem-score | — | 5.6±1.5 | — | 2.5±1.9 | <0.001*,b |
| PANSS scores | |||||
| Total | 59.6±8.9 | 57.9±16.8 | — | — | 0.739b |
| Positive | 12.8±4.5 | 14.7±5.5 | — | — | 0.343b |
| Negative | 18.7±2.9 | 15.4±5.1 | — | — | 0.048*,b |
| General | 28.1±4.9 | 27.8±8.9 | — | — | 0.982b |
| GAF | 59.2±12.7 | 55.4±10.5 | — | — | 0.375b |
| CGI | 4.3±1.1 | 4.4±0.9 | — | — | 0.775b |
| CPZ (daily) | 430.3±369.9 | 402.9±342.5 | — | — | 0.836b |
| Duration of illness (years) | 2.7±2.5 | 4.8±4.1 | — | — | 0.095b |
Abbreviations: CGI, clinical global impression; CPZ, chlorpromazine equivalent dose; GAF, global assessment of functioning; HC, healthy controls; PANSS, positive and negative syndrome scale; SZ, schizophrenia patients.
Data are presented as mean±SD.
a
Chi-square test.
b
One-way ANOVA (*p⩽0.05, #p⩽0.09).