Table 2.

Reward prediction errors in cognitive flexibility. Regions which correlate with RPEs across all subjects (p < .05 FWE; only clusters with k > 29 are listed). All coordinates are reported in MNI space. RPE: increasing activity with increasing RPEs; − RPE: decreasing RPEs elicit more activity; aIns: anterior insula; amygd: amygdala; dmPFC: dorsomedial prefrontal cortex; dlPFC: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; IPL: inferior prefrontal cortex; mPFC: medial prefrontal cortex; PCC: posterior cingulate cortex; SFG: superior frontal gyrus; vmPFC: ventromedial prefrontal cortex.

Contrast	Region	Hemisphere	Cluster size (voxels)	x	y	z	z score
RPE	amygd	Right	95	18	− 7.5	− 18	6.74
		Left	69	− 27	− 9	− 19.5	6.03
	putamen	Left	99	− 27	− 13.5	1.5	6.40
	mPFC	Left	132	− 9	55.5	18	6.05
	IPL	Left	64	− 48	− 63	22.5	5.97
	SFG	Left	30	− 18	30	45	5.93
	PCC	Left	133	− 6	− 54	12	5.91
	precentral	Right	50	55.5	0	6	5.89
	vmPFC	Left	189	− 10.5	42	− 10.5	5.83
− RPE	dmPFC	Bilateral	1712	1.5	28.5	39	7.15
	aIns	Right	622	36	18	− 1.5	6.90
		Left	326	− 34.5	16.5	− 6	6.52
	dlPFC	Right	196	25.5	48	27	6.45
			163	39	31.5	33	5.82
	IPL	Right	112	55.5	− 42	43.5	6.24
			35	37.5	− 42	42	5.91
		Left	89	− 36	− 46.5	40.5	5.95
	Precuneus	Bilateral	65	7.5	− 66	48	6.14