TABLE 4—
Results of Logistic Regression Measuring the Association Between Food Insecurity and Household Crowding and Household Overcrowding in Models Unadjusted and Adjusted for Participants’ Socioeconomic Characteristics: Nunavik Child Development Study, Quebec, 2005–2010
| Model 1,a OR (95% CI) | Model 2,b AOR (95% CI) | Model 3,c AOR (95% CI) | Model 4,d AOR (95% CI) | Model 5,e AOR (95% CI) | |
| Household crowding | |||||
| Household crowding (no. of people per room) | 4.83*** (2.47, 9.45) | 3.42** (1.70, 6.85) | 3.42** (1.68, 6.99) | 4.15 (2.10, 8.21)*** | 3.02** (1.37, 6.60) |
| Socioeconomic status via Hollingshead Indexf | 0.94*** (0.92, 0.97) | ||||
| Occupational status | |||||
| No occupation (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Unskilled laborers/semiskilled | 0.65 (0.30, 1.43) | 0.74 (0.31, 1.76) | |||
| Skilled craftsmen, clerical, sales | 0.44* (0.20, 0.95) | 0.48 (0.20, 1.14) | |||
| Technical, small business | 0.15*** (0.06, 0.42) | 0.17** (0.06, 0.50) | |||
| Professionals | 0.11*** (0.05, 0.27) | 0.12*** (0.04, 0.32) | |||
| Social assistance | |||||
| Working, not receiving welfare (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Not working, not receiving welfare | 1.38 (0.71, 2.68) | 1.04 (0.51, 2.14) | |||
| Not working, receiving welfare | 3.33 (1.00, 11.07) | 1.04 (0.28, 3.86) | |||
| Marital status | |||||
| Not in a relationship (Ref) | 1.00 | ||||
| In a relationship | 0.44* (0.23, 0.86) | ||||
| Coast of residence | |||||
| Hudson Bay (Ref) | 1.00 | ||||
| Ungava Bay | 0.76 (0.42, 1.38) | ||||
| Household overcrowding | |||||
| Household overcrowding (> 1 person per room) | 1.87* (1.16, 3.04) | 1.63 (0.97, 2.73) | 1.60 (0.94, 2.72) | 1.71* (1.04, 2.82) | 1.36 (0.75, 2.48) |
| Socioeconomic status via Hollingshead Indexf | 0.94*** (0.91, 0.96) | ||||
| Occupational status | |||||
| No occupation (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Unskilled laborers/semiskilled | 0.72 (0.34, 1.54) | 0.79 (0.34, 1.85) | |||
| Skilled craftsmen, clerical, sales | 0.40 (0.19, 0.86)* | 0.44 (0.19, 1.03) | |||
| Technical, small business | 0.14*** (0.05, 0.37) | 0.15** (0.05, 0.44) | |||
| Professionals | 0.10*** (0.04, 0.24) | 0.11*** (0.04, 0.28) | |||
| Social assistance | |||||
| Working, not receiving welfare (Ref) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Not working, not receiving welfare | 1.56 (0.82, 2.94) | 1.14 (0.67, 2.30) | |||
| Not working, receiving welfare | 3.48* (1.03, 11.05) | 1.00 (0.27, 3.67) | |||
| Marital status | |||||
| Not in a relationship (Ref) | 1.00 | ||||
| In a relationship | 0.48* (0.25, 0.92) | ||||
| Coast of residence | |||||
| Hudson Bay (Ref) | 1.00 | ||||
| Ungava Bay | 0.64 (0.35, 1.15) | ||||
Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
Unadjusted model (sample size = 281; missing data: 11 observations, 3.8%).
Model 1 adjusted for Hollingshead Index (sample size = 281; missing data: 11 observations, 3.8%).
Model 1 adjusted for occupational status (sample size = 281; missing data: 11 observations, 3.8%).
Model 1 adjusted for social assistance (sample size = 266; missing data: 26 observations, 8.1%).
Model 1 adjusted for occupational status, social assistance, coast of residence, and marital status (sample size = 265; missing data: 27 observations, 9.2%).
Hollingshead Index is based on the level of educational attainment of both parents and the degree of social prestige associated with the type of occupation of each parent.
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.