Table 3.
Effect of covariates on overweight risk. Robustness checks for alternative GDP per capita cut-offs separating low from middle-income counties.
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| <5000 | ≥5000 | <4000 | ≥4000 | <3000 | ≥3000 | <2000 | ≥2000 | <1000 | ≥1000 | |
| No education | −0.121*** | −0.047*** | −0.136*** | −0.025*** | −0.172*** | −0.018*** | −0.202*** | −0.086*** | −0.148*** | −0.098*** |
| (0.003) | (0.007) | (0.003) | (0.006) | (0.003) | (0.005) | (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.009) | (0.003) | |
| Incomplete primary | −0.046*** | 0.004 | −0.052*** | −0.003 | −0.109*** | −0.021*** | −0.140*** | −0.024*** | −0.106*** | −0.031*** |
| (0.003) | (0.006) | (0.003) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.009) | (0.003) | |
| Complete primary | −0.022*** | 0.033*** | −0.032*** | 0.032*** | −0.076*** | 0.019*** | −0.104*** | 0.011*** | −0.082*** | −0.017*** |
| (0.003) | (0.006) | (0.003) | (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.004) | (0.009) | (0.003) | |
| Incomplete secondary | −0.030*** | 0.009* | −0.036*** | 0.004 | −0.059*** | −0.008** | −0.089*** | −0.019*** | −0.078*** | −0.025*** |
| (0.003) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.009) | (0.003) | |
| Complete secondary | 0.030*** | 0.018*** | 0.023*** | 0.023*** | 0.001 | 0.059*** | −0.040*** | 0.041*** | −0.026*** | 0.033*** |
| (0.003) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.004) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.010) | (0.003) | |
| University | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Urban | 0.114*** | 0.072*** | 0.122*** | 0.071*** | 0.115*** | 0.067*** | 0.119*** | 0.068*** | 0.116*** | 0.095*** |
| (0.002) | (0.004) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.002) | (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.002) | |
| Rural | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Log GDP per capita | 0.142*** | −0.187*** | 0.114*** | −0.349*** | 0.017*** | −0.124*** | 0.011*** | 0.114*** | −0.085*** | 0.164*** |
| (0.002) | (0.015) | (0.002) | (0.009) | (0.002) | (0.007) | (0.002) | (0.005) | (0.003) | (0.002) | |
| Observations | 776,751 | 101,559 | 715,317 | 162,993 | 598,520 | 279,790 | 450,395 | 427,915 | 206,832 | 671,478 |
| R-squared | 0.184 | 0.180 | 0.154 | 0.195 | 0.116 | 0.153 | 0.100 | 0.191 | 0.085 | 0.186 |
Notes: Cluster-robust standard errors in parentheses (based on DHS cluster identifiers). All specifications are OLS models. Note that OLS version was chosen over country fixed effects, as there was insufficient number of countries to estimate parameters for log GDP per capita variables in columns 2 and 4 in CFE version.
Each column refers to alternative cut-off chosen to define split between low and middle income countries. In odd columns, parameters for alternative definitions of low income countries are presented. In even columns, parameters for alternative definitions of middle income countries are presented.
p < 0.1.
**p < 005.
p < 0.01.
All specifications contain time dummies, as well as age/children number categories.
Source: DHS dataset, 1991–2009.