Fig. 3.

Insulin improves mitochondrial function. The cell respiratory control ratio (panel A) and coupling efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation (panel B) were calculated from respiratory data (exemplified in Fig. 2) as described fully in Section 2.3. As indicated by the asterisks, these internally normalised parameters were higher, in all muscle systems, in the presence of 100 nM insulin (black bars) than in its absence (white bars): P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 for differences between respiratory control ratios and coupling efficiencies, respectively. The data shown are means ± SEM of 3–6 independent experiments.