Spatial characteristics of the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD). (a) Left, schematic illustrating the high fill factor (i.e., fine inter-pixel spacing) of the DMD. Right, schematic illustrating the spacing of pixels in a comparable device, the micro-LED array (estimated from [4]). (b) DMD Image output with all pixels illuminated (i.e., all mirrors in the “on” position). The center-to-center spacing between pixels is 7.6 μm in the horizontal and vertical directions. (c) DMD image from the same configuration, but with a spatially patterned output (checkerboard). (d). Left, image in (c) expanded and plotted as an intensity map. Arrow indicates column plotted as an intensity profile (right). Scale bar = 5 μm (b, c, d).