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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Feb 17.
Published in final edited form as: AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015 Jan;204(1):49–58. doi: 10.2214/AJR.13.12374

TABLE 2.

ETIOLOGIES OF FUNCTIONAL NEUROMUSCULAR CAUSES OF DYSPHAGIA

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL SYSTEM MYONEURAL JUNCTION SKELETAL MUSCLE OTHER DISORDERS

  • Cerebrovascular accident

  • Parkinson’s disease

  • Huntington chorea

  • Demyelinating diseases

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

  • Degenerative disorders

  • Acquired brain injury

  • Bulbar poliomyelitis

  • Peripheral neuropathies

  • Myasthenia gravis

  • Polymyositis

  • Dermatomyositis

  • Muscular dystrophies

  • Metabolic myopathy

  • Trauma & sequelae

  • Postoperative alternations

  • Malignancy

  • Radiation Injury