Table 2.
Results of this meta-analysis.
| Test of association | Model | Heterogeneity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RR (95% CI) | Z | P value | χ 2 | P value | I 2 (%) | ||
| All studies | 1.58 (1.36–1.84) | 5.98 | <0.00001 | R | 508 | <0.0001 | 98 |
| Adjusted | 1.62 (1.17–2.24) | 2.89 | 0.004 | R | 188.32 | <0.0001 | 97 |
| Site | |||||||
| Tibia | 2.87 (2.35–3.52) | 10.27 | <0.00001 | R | 5.55 | 0.06 | 64 |
| Femur | 4.87 (3.39–6.99) | 8.59 | <0.00001 | R | 7.86 | 0.02 | 75 |
| Hip | 3.18 (2.84–3.56) | 20.08 | <0.00001 | F | 1.08 | 0.78 | 0 |
| Pelvis | 1.55 (1.38–1.74) | 7.39 | <0.00001 | F | 0.53 | 0.77 | 0 |
| Vertebrae | 1.44 (1.16–1.78) | 3.29 | 0.001 | F | 1.87 | 0.60 | 0 |
| Ribs | 1.14 (0.79–1.64) | 0.71 | 0.48 | R | 8.38 | 0.04 | 64 |
| Radius/ulna | 0.92 (0.83–1.02) | 1.51 | 0.13 | F | 1.85 | 0.40 | 0 |
| Humerus | 1.56 (1.09–2.24) | 2.41 | 0.02 | R | 23.79 | <0.0001 | 87 |
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 1.18 (0.77–1.81) | 0.75 | 0.45 | R | 2.45 | 0.12 | 59 |
| Female | 1.80 (1.61–2.01) | 10.32 | <0.00001 | F | 0.18 | 0.67 | 0 |
| History of drug use | |||||||
| Antidepressants | 1.95 (1.37–2.77) | 3.70 | 0.0002 | R | 4.03 | 0.13 | 50 |
| Hypnotics/anxiolytics | 1.88 (1.09–3.23) | 2.28 | 0.02 | R | 8.44 | 0.01 | 76 |
| Anticonvulsants | 1.80 (1.31–2.46) | 3.67 | 0.0002 | F | 0.79 | 0.37 | 0 |
| Glucocorticoids | 1.33 (1.11–1.59) | 3.05 | 0.002 | F | 0.44 | 0.80 | 0 |
RR, risk ratio; CI, confidence interval; R, random-effects model; F, fixed-effects model.