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. 2014 Oct 17;53(1):48–55. doi: 10.2486/indhealth.2013-0141

Table 3. Self-reported risk factors and low back, neck and shoulder pain and headache in the past 12 months (multivariate analyses).

Self-reported risk factor Low back pain
OR (95%CI)
Neck pain
OR (95%CI)
Shoulder pain
OR (95%CI)
Headache
OR (95%CI)
Gender 1.25 (0.84–1.86)* 1.65 (1.08–2.51)* 2.07 (1.25–3.41)** 3.12 (1.69–5.76)**
Age
24–29 NS NS 1.00 NS
30–49 1.82 (0.87–3.84)**
≥50 2.79 (1.40–3.84)**
History of serious MSD NS NS 1.99 (1.04–3.84)* NS
The occurrence of MSDs in blood relatives NS NS NS 1.73 (1.11–2.71)*
Reduction of work load due to MSDs NS 2.60 (1.49–4.53)** 2.62 (1.53–4.48)** 1.88 (1.04–3.38)*
Psychologically demanding work NS 2.39 (1.46–3.89)** NS NS
X-ray included in the dental unit NS NS NS 1.64 (1.04–2.60)*
Subjective assessment of general health
Satisfactory 3.32 (2.22–4.95)** 3.16 (2.06–4.85)** 2.21 (1.41–3.46)** 2.69 (1.63–4.43)**
Bad/very bad 10.50 (3.47–31.80)** 4.29 (1.50–12.25)** 4.61 (1.61–13.22)** 2.46 (0.86–7.05)**

p<0.05*, p<0.01**; OR: odds ratio, CI: 95% confidence interval, NS: not significant