Table 3.
Contemporaneous determinants of infant and under-five mortality rate: 1950-80
| Dependent Variable | lnIMR | lnU5MR | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Cohort Life Table |
|||
| Panel A | |||
| Primary education enrolment (% of children age 6-11) | base | 0.830*** (0.290) | 0.967*** (0.227) |
| 1960-1965 | −1.193** (0.510) | −1.150*** (0.331) | |
| 1966-1980 | −0.900** (0.370) | −1.056*** (0.305) | |
| Secondary and higher education enrolment (% of children age 12-18 and 18-21) | base | 2.722 (1.852) | 2.606* (1.481) |
| 1960-1965 | −1.295 (1.613) | −1.43 (1.264) | |
| 1966-1980 | −3.574* (2.061) | −3.134* (1.745) | |
| Panel B | |||
| Hospital beds per 10,000 persons | base | 0 (0.005) | −0.004 (0.004) |
| 1960-1965 | 0.002 (0.003) | 0.004 (0.003) | |
| 1966-1980 | 0.008 (0.005) | 0.010** (0.004) | |
| Doctors per 10,000 persons | base | −0.011 (0.007) | −0.012* (0.006) |
| 1960-1965 | 0.004 (0.006) | 0.014** (0.005) | |
| 1966-1980 | 0.021*** (0.006) | 0.023*** (0.005) | |
| Panel C | |||
| Sanitary campaigns | −0.024** (0.010) | −0.020* (0.011) | |
| Vaccinations | 0.019** (0.007) | 0.011* (0.006) | |
| Reproductive health | −0.004 (0.014) | −0.006 (0.011) | |
| Mosquito vector controls | 0.003 (0.006) | 0.002 (0.006) | |
| Other infectious disease controls | 0.018* (0.009) | 0.008 (0.011) | |
| Campaigns against malnutrition | −0.051 (0.079) | −0.03 (0.056) | |
| Province effects | yes | yes | |
| Year effects | yes | yes | |
| Province-year control variables | yes | yes | |
| N | 390 | 390 | |
| R-squared | 0.940 | 0.962 | |
Provinces used in analysis include: Anhui, Beijing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanghai, Shanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin, Xinjiang, Yunnan, and Zhejiang. Province-level controls include population, birth rate, per cent of population over 60, per cent of population under 5, per cent of population male, per cent of population in agriculture, per capita agricultural production, per capita grain and fruit production, gdp, per capita investment, per capita local revenue, and retail price index. Estimates for fixed effects and control variables available upon request. Standard errors reported in parentheses.
p<0.1
p<0.05
p<0.01