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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Atherosclerosis. 2014 Dec 20;239(1):67–72. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.033

Table 2.

Hazard Ratios per 1 Standard Deviation Increase in ln(Leptin)

Hazard Ratio (95% CI),
P-value
Sex Pooled
(N = 1905)
Women
(N = 961)
Men
(N = 944)
Model
Adjustment
Age, sex, ethnicity Age, sex, ethnicity,
risk factorsa
Age, ethnicity Age, ethnicity,
risk factorsa
Age, ethnicity Age, ethnicity,
risk factorsa
Primary Endpoint
Hard CVD
(110 events)
0.98 (0.78-1.23),
0.89
0.87 (0.68-1.11),
0.26
1.16 (0.78-1.73),
0.46
1.01 (0.67-1.52),
0.95
0.91 (0.69-1.20),
0.51
0.80 (0.59-1.08),
0.15
Secondary Endpoints
All CVD
(152 events)
1.02 (0.84-1.23),
0.86
0.90 (0.74-1.10),
0.31
1.33 (0.90-1.96),
0.15
1.12 (0.75-1.67),
0.58
0.93 (0.75-1.16),
0.54
0.84 (0.66-1.06),
0.15
Hard CHD
(68 events)
1.16 (0.86-1.55),
0.33
1.01 (0.74-1.38),
0.95
1.58 (0.89-2.78),
0.12
1.42 (0.81-2.50),
0.22
1.02 (0.72-1.45),
0.89
0.88 (0.60-1.28),
0.50
Stroke
(44 events)
0.83 (0.59-1.18),
0.31
0.76 (0.52-1.10),
0.15
0.93 (0.53-1.65),
0.81
0.79 (0.43-1.46),
0.45
0.77 (0.49-1.20),
0.25
0.70 (0.43-1.14),
0.16
HF
(52 events)
* * 2.06 (1.04-4.06),
0.04
1.85 (0.93-3.68),
0.08
0.95 (0.64-1.43),
0.82
0.89 (0.57-1.38),
0.61
Mortality
(146 events)
0.99 (0.81-1.21),
0.93
0.99 (0.80-1.22),
0.92
0.95 (0.67-1.35),
0.77
0.83 (0.57-1.21),
0.33
1.02 (0.80-1.29),
0.89
1.09 (0.84-1.42),
0.53

CVD = cardiovascular disease; CHD = coronary heart disease; HF = heart failure

*

P-value on sex-leptin interaction term: 0.045; therefore, pooled result not appropriate

a

Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus; given missing risk factor data, N = 1,840 (941 women and 908 men)