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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Atherosclerosis. 2014 Dec 20;239(1):67–72. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.12.033

Table 2.

Hazard Ratios per 1 Standard Deviation Increase in ln(Leptin)

Hazard Ratio (95% CI),
P-value
Sex Pooled
(N = 1905)		 Women
(N = 961)		 Men
(N = 944)
Model
Adjustment		 Age, sex, ethnicity Age, sex, ethnicity,
risk factorsa 		Age, ethnicity Age, ethnicity,
risk factorsa 		Age, ethnicity Age, ethnicity,
risk factorsa
Primary Endpoint
Hard CVD
(110 events)		 0.98 (0.78-1.23),
0.89		 0.87 (0.68-1.11),
0.26		 1.16 (0.78-1.73),
0.46		 1.01 (0.67-1.52),
0.95		 0.91 (0.69-1.20),
0.51		 0.80 (0.59-1.08),
0.15
Secondary Endpoints
All CVD
(152 events)		 1.02 (0.84-1.23),
0.86		 0.90 (0.74-1.10),
0.31		 1.33 (0.90-1.96),
0.15		 1.12 (0.75-1.67),
0.58		 0.93 (0.75-1.16),
0.54		 0.84 (0.66-1.06),
0.15
Hard CHD
(68 events)		 1.16 (0.86-1.55),
0.33		 1.01 (0.74-1.38),
0.95		 1.58 (0.89-2.78),
0.12		 1.42 (0.81-2.50),
0.22		 1.02 (0.72-1.45),
0.89		 0.88 (0.60-1.28),
0.50
Stroke
(44 events)		 0.83 (0.59-1.18),
0.31		 0.76 (0.52-1.10),
0.15		 0.93 (0.53-1.65),
0.81		 0.79 (0.43-1.46),
0.45		 0.77 (0.49-1.20),
0.25		 0.70 (0.43-1.14),
0.16
HF
(52 events)		 * * 2.06 (1.04-4.06),
0.04		 1.85 (0.93-3.68),
0.08		 0.95 (0.64-1.43),
0.82		 0.89 (0.57-1.38),
0.61
Mortality
(146 events)		 0.99 (0.81-1.21),
0.93		 0.99 (0.80-1.22),
0.92		 0.95 (0.67-1.35),
0.77		 0.83 (0.57-1.21),
0.33		 1.02 (0.80-1.29),
0.89		 1.09 (0.84-1.42),
0.53

CVD = cardiovascular disease; CHD = coronary heart disease; HF = heart failure

*

P-value on sex-leptin interaction term: 0.045; therefore, pooled result not appropriate

a

Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, hypertension, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus; given missing risk factor data, N = 1,840 (941 women and 908 men)