Table 5.
Prevalence of alcohol-interactive (AI) prescription medication use by alcohol drinking frequency and therapeutic medication class, adults aged 20 years and older, United States, 1999–20101
| Medication class | Alcohol drinking frequency (No. of drinking days in past year)2
|
p4 | p5 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 d/year (n=9,064) | >0–4 d/week (n=15,079)) | 5–7 d/week (n=2,039) | |||||||||
|
| |||||||||||
| N | % | 95% CI | N | % | 95% CI | N | % | 95% CI | |||
| Cardiovascular agents | 3884 | 27.5 | (25.9–29.1) | 3441 | 24.0 | (22.9–25.2) | 690 | 22.9 | (21.0–24.9) | <.0001 | 0.24 |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme | 1274 | 9.0 | (8.2–9.7) | 1135 | 7.4 | (6.8–8.0) | 226 | 6.7 | (5.7–7.8) | 0.0005 | 0.21 |
| Angiotensin II inhibitor | 511 | 3.5 | (3.0–4.1) | 412 | 2.9 | (2.5–3.3) | 85 | 3.3 | (2.5–4.3) | 0.19 | 0.44 |
| Antiadrenergic | 443 | 2.8 | (2.4–3.2) | 361 | 2.1 | (1.8–2.5) | 108 | 2.1 | (1.7–2.7) | 0.02 | 0.97 |
| Antiarrhythmic | 557 | 4.0 | (3.5–4.5) | 383 | 2.8 | (2.4–3.2) | 81 | 2.6 | (2.0–3.4) | 0.0003 | 0.74 |
| Beta-adrenergic blocking | 1239 | 8.4 | (7.6–9.3) | 1105 | 7.9 | (7.3–8.6) | 242 | 7.2 | (6.1–8.4) | 0.28 | 0.25 |
| Calcium channel blocking | 717 | 4.1 | (3.7–4.7) | 511 | 3.2 | (2.8–3.6) | 116 | 3.4 | (2.8–4.2) | 0.003 | 0.51 |
| Diuretics | 1209 | 7.7 | (7.1–8.5) | 909 | 6.1 | (5.6–6.7) | 161 | 4.7 | (3.9–5.7) | <.0001 | 0.008 |
| Central nervous system agents | 2045 | 19.7 | (18.2–21.2) | 2067 | 14.9 | (14.0–15.7) | 325 | 13.2 | (11.6–15.0) | <.0001 | 0.10 |
| Anticonvulsant | 542 | 5.7 | (5.1–6.5) | 448 | 3.1 | (2.8–3.5) | 63 | 2.4 | (1.8–3.3) | <.0001 | 0.10 |
| Anxiolytic/sedative/hypnotic | 413 | 4.3 | (3.6–5.1) | 395 | 3.1 | (2.7–3.5) | 77 | 3.8 | (2.8–5.0) | 0.0009 | 0.21 |
| Muscle relaxant | 190 | 2.3 | (1.9–2.8) | 241 | 1.6 | (1.4–1.9) | 22 | 0.9 | (0.6–1.5)3 | 0.0001 | 0.04 |
| Narcotic | 532 | 5.5 | (4.7–6.5) | 498 | 3.4 | (3.0–3.8) | 76 | 3.0 | (2.3–4.0) | <.0001 | 0.50 |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory | 439 | 4.0 | (3.5–4.7) | 545 | 3.7 | (3.2–4.1) | 75 | 3.2 | (2.5–4.2) | 0.31 | 0.42 |
| Coagulation modifiers | 309 | 2.0 | (1.7–2.3) | 207 | 1.4 | (1.2–1.8) | 64 | 1.2 | (0.9–1.6) | 0.004 | 0.22 |
| Anticoagulant | 290 | 1.8 | (1.6–2.1) | 199 | 1.4 | (1.2–1.7) | 58 | 1.1 | (0.8–1.5) | 0.006 | 0.18 |
| Gastrointestinal agents | 356 | 3.2 | (2.7–3.8) | 347 | 2.4 | (2.1–2.7) | 69 | 2.6 | (1.9–3.5) | 0.006 | 0.66 |
| H2 antagonist | 274 | 2.3 | (1.9–2.7) | 274 | 1.8 | (1.6–2.1) | 60 | 2.0 | (1.5–2.9) | 0.07 | 0.56 |
| Metabolic agents | 2516 | 17.5 | (16.5–18.6) | 2139 | 14.7 | (14.0–15.5) | 395 | 11.9 | (10.5–13.5) | <.0001 | 0.001 |
| Antidiabetic | 1432 | 8.8 | (8.1–9.6) | 975 | 5.6 | (5.2–6.1) | 92 | 2.4 | (1.8–3.2) | <.0001 | <.0001 |
| Antihyperlipidemic | 1671 | 12.2 | (11.3–13.2) | 1566 | 11.4 | (10.8–12.1) | 338 | 9.9 | (8.6–11.3) | 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Psychotherapeutic agents | 935 | 11.3 | (10.3–12.4) | 1135 | 9.2 | (8.6–9.9) | 175 | 8.9 | (7.4–10.7) | 0.002 | 0.75 |
| Antidepressant | 862 | 10.5 | (9.5–11.6) | 1081 | 8.9 | (8.3–9.6) | 167 | 8.5 | (7.1–10.2) | 0.02 | 0.64 |
| Antipsychotic | 157 | 1.9 | (1.5–2.4) | 132 | 0.8 | (0.7–1.1) | 13 | 0.6 | (—)3 | <.0001 | 0.44 |
| Respiratory agents | 334 | 4.1 | (3.6–4.8) | 484 | 3.9 | (3.6–4.3) | 66 | 3.2 | (2.4–4.3) | 0.36 | 0.23 |
| Antihistamines | 236 | 3.1 | (2.7–3.6) | 396 | 3.2 | (2.9–3.5) | 58 | 2.9 | (2.1–3.8) | 0.77 | 0.50 |
| All other medications | 418 | 4.4 | (3.9–5.0) | 490 | 3.6 | (3.3–4.1) | 72 | 2.7 | (2.1–3.5) | 0.002 | 0.03 |
| Total, all therapeutic classes | 5270 | 46.4 | (44.4–48.4) | 5799 | 42.0 | (40.8–43.3) | 999 | 38.2 | (35.7–40.7) | <.0001 | 0.004 |
1
Data source: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2010. Sample size (N) is unweighted for individuals who used the AI medication in the class; percentage estimates are weighted.
2
Percentage is adjusted for age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, marital status and smoking using logistic regression. N may not add to full sample due to missing data on covariates.
3
Relative standard error (RSE) of 20%–30%, or 95% CI not shown if RSE>30%.
4
P-value for global test.
5
P-value for >0–4 d/week drinker vs. 5–7 d/week drinker.