. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.

Published in final edited form as: Autism. 2014 Feb 4;19(3):281–291. doi: 10.1177/1362361313518995

Table 3.

Diagnosis and other correlates of aggressive behavior.

Square-Root Transformed Subscale	Effect	Study Group	Correlate
Square-Root Transformed Subscale	Effect	Study Group	Sex	IQ	Adaptive Behavior	Vineland-II Communication	Age (Years)
		F(1,655)	F(1,643)	F(1,523)	F(1,492)	F(1,415)	F(1,653)
Verbal Aggression	Group	16.69^*	18.56^*	7.66^*	14.02^*	12.51^*	21.96^*
	Predictor		0.53	17.26^*^{, a}	0.31	1.09	37.55^*^{, a}
	Group x Predictor		2.45	2.61	5.49	8.18^*	7.39^*
	R²	.03	.03	.07	.03	.05	.12
Bullying	Group	21.66^*	28.08^*	15.35^*	14.11^*	8.05^*	27.99^*
	Predictor		0.59	0.22	11.83^*^{, b}	2.67	22.11^*^{, b}
	Group x Predictor		6.35	0.19	0.14	1.16	12.81^*
	R²	.03	.04	.04	.05	.01	.07
Covert Aggression	Group	23.00^*	24.85^*	13.83^*	20.76^*	15.60^*	15.91^*
	Predictor		0.29	16.71^*^{, a}	3.44	0.03	21.37^*^{, a}
	Group x Predictor		3.93	0.00	0.84	4.16	2.77
	R²	.03	.04	.07	.04	.05	.09
Hostility	Group	7.84^*	9.94^*	3.88	8.23^*	5.01	14.38^*
	Predictor		0.01	5.50	4.87	0.10	2.55
	Group x Predictor		2.61	0.43	0.09	1.17	7.15^*
	R²	.01	.02	.03	.02	.01	.04
Physical Aggression	Group	13.48^*	20.15^*	11.96^*	8.69^*	9.25^*	21.84^*
	Predictor		0.01	3.20	13.39^*^{, b}	12.46^*^{, b}	26.11^*^{, b}
	Group x Predictor		6.47	0.63	1.20	1.46	11.78^*
	R²	.02	.03	.04	.04	.04	.06
CBCL Aggression^c	Group	29.25^*	20.86^*	18.77^*	22.14^*	14.94^*	21.49^*
	Predictor		0.05	0.37	15.87^*^{, b}	10.36^*^{, b}	9.28^*^{, b}
	Group x Predictor		0.19	3.60	0.38	0.23	5.73
	R²	.06	.06	.08	.09	.07	.08

p < 0.01

Low values on predictor associated with lower aggression scores.

Low values on predictor associated with higher aggression scores.

df for CBCL Aggression were as follows (by column): Study Group (1,466), Sex (1,455), IQ (1,396), Adaptive Behavior (1,356), Vineland-II Communication, (1,326), Age (1,465).

Note: All significant main effects of Study Group were in the direction of lower scores for ASD than for non-ASD comparison group.