Table 1.
Infant and maternal characteristics by birth outcomes and ethnicity, 1990–2001.
| Characteristics | All birthsa N=164,905 (%) |
Term SGA N=13,754 (%) |
PTB N=24,954 (%) |
Term births N=139,951 (%) |
Black N=93,078 (%) |
White N=68,164 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infant sex | ||||||
| Female | 49.1 | 49.1 | 47.8 | 49.3 | 49.3 | 48.8 |
| Male | 50.9 | 51.0 | 52.2 | 50.7 | 50.6 | 51.2 |
| Race | ||||||
| Black | 56.4 | 69.1 | 71.1 | 53.8 | – | – |
| White | 41.3 | 28.6 | 27.1 | 43.9 | – | – |
| Other | 2.2 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 2.3 | – | – |
| Age (yrs) | ||||||
| 16–19 | 17.4 | 19.8 | 19.8 | 17.0 | 22.0 | 11.6 |
| 20–29 | 58.1 | 55.4 | 54.0 | 58.8 | 57.4 | 59.1 |
| ≥30 | 24.5 | 24.8 | 26.2 | 24.2 | 20.6 | 29.3 |
| Education (yrs) | ||||||
| 0–11 | 32.9 | 40.5 | 39.5 | 31.7 | 36.2 | 28.4 |
| 12 | 40.0 | 38.5 | 38.9 | 40.2 | 39.0 | 41.9 |
| ≥13 | 27.1 | 21.0 | 21.7 | 28.1 | 24.8 | 29.7 |
| Tobacco use | ||||||
| Smoker | 21.8 | 35.7 | 27.0 | 20.9 | 19.3 | 26.0 |
| Prenatal care | ||||||
| None | 3.4 | 5.4 | 7.5 | 2.7 | 4.8 | 1.7 |
| Late (after 4th month) | 26.0 | 31.8 | 35.9 | 24.3 | 32.7 | 17.2 |
| Birth season | ||||||
| Spring (Mar–May) | 25.2 | 24.8 | 25.1 | 25.3 | 25.0 | 25.7 |
| Summer (Jun–Aug) | 26.1 | 26.2 | 25.7 | 26.2 | 26.0 | 26.3 |
| Fall (Sept–Nov) | 24.1 | 23.7 | 23.8 | 24.2 | 23.8 | 24.5 |
| Winter (Dec–Feb) | 24.6 | 25.3 | 25.5 | 24.4 | 25.2 | 23.6 |
| Birth period | ||||||
| 1990–1993 | 39.5 | 43.4 | 40.6 | 39.3 | 41.1 | 37.7 |
| 1994–1997 | 31.3 | 29.7 | 31.0 | 31.3 | 31.0 | 31.5 |
| 1998–2001 | 29.3 | 26.9 | 28.5 | 29.4 | 28.0 | 30.8 |
Abbreviations: SGA, small for gestational age; PTB, preterm births.
a
All births included Blacks, Whites and others.