Table 2. Univariate analysis of risk factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) in re-treated TB cases*.
| Characteristics | A: Pan-sensitive TB † | B:Drug-resistant TB ‡ | Odds ratio [B/A] (95% CI) | P value [B/A] | C: Multidrug- resistant TB ¥ | Odds ratio [C/A] (95% CI) | P value [C/A] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n/N | % | n/N | % | n/N | % | |||||
| Occupation | ||||||||||
| Farmer | 182/280 | 65.0 | 211/317 | 66.6 | 1.0 (Ref.) | 79/138 | 57.2 | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Retired/unemployed | 76/280 | 27.1 | 76/317 | 24.0 | 0.863 (0.593–1.255) | 0.439 | 43/138 | 31.2 | 1.568 (1.019–2.412) | 0.041 |
| Worker and others ¶ | 22/280 | 7.9 | 30/317 | 9.5 | 1.176 (0.655–2.111) | 0.658 | 16/138 | 11.6 | 1.675 (0.835–3.361) | 0.191 |
| Education | ||||||||||
| Illiteracy | 30/280 | 10.7 | 31/317 | 9.8 | 1.0 (Ref.) | 8/138 | 5.8 | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Elementary and middle schools | 208/280 | 74.3 | 244/317 | 77.0 | 1.135 (0.665–1.938) | 0.642 | 103/138 | 74.6 | 1.955 (0.901–4.245) | 0.09 |
| High school or above | 42/280 | 15.0 | 42/317 | 13.2 | 0.945 (0.488–1.830) | 0.866 | 27/138 | 19.6 | 3.194 (1.333–7.653) | <0.01 |
| Annual income | ||||||||||
| 4200 yuan | 111/273 | 40.7 | 129/304 | 42.4 | 1.0 (Ref.) | 54/133 | 40.6 | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| 4200~20,000 yuan | 148/273 | 54.2 | 149/304 | 49.0 | 0.860 (0.612–1.210) | 0.388 | 63/133 | 47.4 | 0.931 (0.617–1.405) | 0.735 |
| >20,000 yuan | 14/273 | 5.1 | 26/304 | 85.5 | 1.598 (0.796–3.210) | 0.188 | 16/133 | 12.0 | 2.296 (1.139–4.631) | 0.02 |
| Medical institution providing last TB treatment | ||||||||||
| TB dispensary system | 131/280 | 46.8 | 155/317 | 48.9 | 1.0 (Ref.) | 78/138 | 56.5 | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| TB hospital | 56/280 | 20.0 | 68/317 | 21.5 | 0.665 (0.441–1.002) | 0.051 | 30/138 | 21.7 | 0.822 (0.507–1.330) | 0.424 |
| General hospital | 72/280 | 25.7 | 84/317 | 26.5 | 0.981 (0.645–1.491) | 0.927 | 21/138 | 15.2 | 0.564 (0.330–0.963) | 0.036 |
| Private hospital/clinic | 6/280 | 2.1 | 5/317 | 1.6 | 0.915 (0.300–2.789) | 0.876 | 2/138 | 1.4 | 0.513 (0.111–2.365) | 0.392 |
| Others | 15/280 | 5.4 | 5/317 | 1.6 | 0.575 (0.256–1.294) | 0.181 | 7/138 | 5.1 | 1.039 (0.421–2.567) | 0.934 |
| Supervisor for taking medicine | ||||||||||
| Doctor | 104/280 | 37.1 | 126/317 | 39.7 | 1.0 (Ref.) | 62/138 | 44.9 | 1.0 (Ref.) | ||
| Family | 49/280 | 17.5 | 74/317 | 23.3 | 1.230 (0.788–1.920) | 0.363 | 23/138 | 16.7 | 0.630 (0.367–1.079) | 0.092 |
| Patient | 122/280 | 43.6 | 114/317 | 36.0 | 0.771 (0.536–1.110) | 0.162 | 50/138 | 36.2 | 0.728 (0.475–1.116) | 0.146 |
| Others | 5/280 | 1.8 | 3/317 | 0.9 | 0.495 (0.116–2.121) | 0.344 | 3/138 | 2.2 | 1.626 (0.377–7.005) | 0.514 |
* Only results for variables included in final multivariate model are presented; additional results are available in web-only supplement. Calculation of odds ratios takes into account the clustered design; therefore, the odds ratios presented in the table may not be reproducible simply from data in the table.
† Pan-sensitive TB is tuberculosis that is susceptible to the four first-line antituberculosis drugs (isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and streptomycin) in this survey.
‡ Drug-resistant TB is tuberculosis with drug resistance to any of the antituberculosis drugs in the survey.
¥ Multidrug-resistant TB is tuberculosis with resistance to both isoniazid and rifampin.
¶Others include students, detainers, teachers, doctors, businesspeople, and public officers.