Figure 4.

Pharmacogenetic suppression of PL PV interneuron activity promotes helplessness. A, A 3D scatterplot of data from PV-Cre mice in which the PL region was injected with AAV-DIO-GFP (GFP group) or AAV-DIO-hM4Di (hM4Di group). The position of each dot along the z-axis represents the number of mice showing a specific set of behavioral parameters in the LH test. B, C, Same data as in A, except that the escape latencies (B) and the numbers of failures (C) of these mice are presented separately. *p < 0.05. The median and interquartile ranges are shown in red. D, E, Total distance traveled (D; mean and SEM in red) and velocity in the center zone (E; median and interquartile range in red) measured in an open field for the hM4Di mice. The same mice were tested after both saline and CNO injection (counterbalanced; saline first, n = 12 mice; CNO first, n = 12 mice). Activation of hM4Di by CNO does not change locomotion.