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. 2014 Jan 15;13(2):320–328. doi: 10.1111/acel.12177

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© 2013 The Authors. Aging Cell published by the Anatomical Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Age-related phenotype feedback on epigenetic states. (A) Simulated cell numbers for decreased differentiation rate q (D_NOVO = 0.3, TS = 2). Shown are cell numbers in α (black: young, gray: old) and in Ω (red: young, pink: old). (B) Simulated cell numbers for decreased proliferation rate R (D_MAIN = 0.8, TS = 2). Colors as in A. Inserts: Differences in histone and DNA methylation between systems without and with ARP. Changes in phenotype controlling genes (red) and other C1a-genes (black) are shown as averages over all cells of the system. (A) In case of a dominant ARP, aging of all C1a-genes becomes accelerated, that is, histone modification (DNA methylation) in the system without a phenotype is larger (smaller) compared to the system with an ARP. (B) In case of a recessive ARP, aging becomes selectively retarded in C1a-genes controlling the ARP but not in the other C1a-genes.