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. 2014 Dec 23;2(12):e12195. doi: 10.14814/phy2.12195

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© 2014 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Physiological Society and The Physiological Society.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 8. — Ethanol (EtOH) increases nuclear localization of histone deacetylase (HDACs) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which reduce glut4 transcription and synthesis, respectively. TUDCA blocks the effects of both HDACs and ER stress on glut4. HDAC inhibitors only block the effects of HDACs on glut4 transcription. Solid arrow indicates stimulation; dashed arrow indicates inhibition.