Table 2.
Ventilatory, metabolic and circulatory parameters according breathing pattern at rest and during knee extension exercise
| Parameter measured | At rest | Exercise | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Subject's breathing | Abdominal breathing | Subject's breathing | Abdominal breathing | |
| VT (L) | ||||
| Controls | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.1* | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 1.9 ± 0.2* |
| HF group | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.2* | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.6 ± 0.2* |
| BF (1 min−1) | ||||
| Controls | 17 ± 2.0 | 16 ± 0.9 | 18 ± 0.0 | 16 ± 0.0 |
| HF group | 14 ± 0.8 | 14 ± 0.9 | 18 ± 1.3 | 18 ± 2.6 |
| V’E (L min−1) | ||||
| Controls | 21.4 ± 5.9 | 26.0 ± 3.0 | 31.9 ± 4.7 | 37.1 ± 5.8* |
| HF group | 14.7 ± 1.1 | 20.0 ± 2.4* | 23.0 ± 2.7 | 26.8 ± 2.3* |
| PETO2 (mm Hg) | ||||
| Controls | 122.7 ± 4.2 | 131.7 ± 2.8* | 119.0 ± 4.0 | 121.1 ± 2.8* |
| HF group | 123.3 ± 2.9 | 128.0 ± 3.8* | 121.3 ± 3.1 | 121.3 ± 3.4 |
| PETCO2 (mm Hg) | ||||
| Controls | 24.4 ± 2.6 | 19.0 ± 1.7* | 26.4 ± 2.6 | 24.4 ± 2.1 |
| HF group | 24.7 ± 1.9 | 21.6 ± 2.4* | 24.4 ± 2.2 | 24.1 ± 2.2 |
| VO2·kg−1 (mL·min−1·kg−1) | ||||
| Controls | 4.5 ± 0.8 | 4.6 ± 0.6 | 7.7 ± 0.6 | 9.1 ± 0.5* |
| HF group | 3.7 ± 0.3 | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 6.3 ± 0.5 | 7.3 ± 0.5* |
| Mean blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Controls | 97 ± 4 | 96 ± 2 | 93 ± 5 | 98 ± 1 |
| HF group | 88 ± 5 | 86 ± 5 | 93 ± 7 | 89 ± 5 |
| Heart rate (1 min−1) | ||||
| Controls | 80 ± 6 | 83 ± 7 | 98 ± 7 | 96 ± 4 |
| HF group | 76 ± 5 | 79 ± 5 | 82 ± 6 | 81 ± 6 |
VT, volume tidal; BF, breathing rate; V’E, minute ventilation; PETO2, end‐tidal oxygen tension; PETCO2, end‐tidal carbon dioxide tension; VO2·kg−1, oxygen uptake in milliliters of oxygen per kilogram of bodyweight per minute; VO2, absolute oxygen uptake; METS, metabolic equivalent.
*
P ≤ 0.05 between subject's breathing and abdominal breathing.