Table 3.

Clinical outcomes according to breathing pattern at peak knee extension exercise

Variable	Subject's breathing	Abdominal breathing	P value
Tlim (min)
Controls	8.6 ± 1.0	9.4 ± 0.6	0.196
HF group	10.6 ± 1.9	6.0 ± 0.7*	0.017
Leg Effort (Borg) per Tlim
Controls	0.71 ± 0.18	0.44 ± 0.07	0.090
HF group	0.67 ± 0.23	1.51 ± 0.31*	0.040
Dyspnea (Borg) per Tlim
Controls	0.35 ± 0.13	0.29 ± 0.10	0.636
HF group	0.53 ± 0.16	1.04 ± 0.22	0.080

Tlim, time to the limit of tolerance; HF, heart failure. *P ≤ 0.05 between subject's breathing and abdominal breathing.