Figure I.

Scatterplots showing effect sizes (1^st row) and standard errors (2^nd row) from mega-analysis versus meta-analysis. The main effect only BETA (1^st column) corresponds to δ_g in equation (1). The main effect BETA (2^nd column) and interaction effect BETA (3^rd column) correspond to β_g and β_ge in equation (2), respectively. Red crosses are SNPs with heterogeneous effect sizes across studies (i.e., p-value of Cochran's Q-test < 0.05), and blue circles are SNPs with p-value of Cochran's Q-test ≥ 0.05. The correlations between the two methods across all SNPs were identical to the correlations across blue circles (up to two decimal places). The black diagonal line indicates where the values on the two axes are equal.